Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.00152.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.00152 v1

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.842335Z

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy21
  • unresolved20
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c01c58dc-46a1-4004-9c0b-838f4a9ef487 · outbound

This paper cites How ai outperforms humans at creative idea generation.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective How ai outperforms humans at creative idea generation

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:21.862335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.199586Z digest=sha256:f1575a52a39c67b40ad013fa52a9b71c989d8b0340e71f3b493dc3f710449bf0

Observation f31d8b2a-4c52-4119-add1-707b0bd7539f · outbound

This paper cites Ai–human hybrids for marketing research: Leveraging large language models (llms) as collaborators.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Ai–human hybrids for marketing research: Leveraging large language models (llms) as collaborators

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:21.719018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.274735Z digest=sha256:5838b4f10379be96830ce4051df3ad71f5401cd9e497aec44207790338dc91c2

Observation afd87cce-6043-4ae9-ade5-b60d56f90e14 · outbound

This paper cites Frontiers: Can large language models capture human prefer- ences? Marketing Science, 43(4):709–722, 2024.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Frontiers: Can large language models capture human prefer- ences? Marketing Science, 43(4):709–722, 2024

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:21.378710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.329272Z digest=sha256:127eebcff68a6b111724ede3b7e08ba6272eb0763ffd1dfae742664f5a1b0d51

Observation 6846cab9-cc19-47e6-a3ce-bd099f0400b1 · outbound

This paper cites LOLA: LLM-Assisted Online Learning Algorithm for Content Experiments.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective LOLA: LLM-Assisted Online Learning Algorithm for Content Experiments

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:14.436321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.436321Z digest=sha256:7a427488ecd3e7e98afe857764284074bccc02b09725f9b4b1e59faef4172f53

Observation 782aba1f-e6cb-4374-a701-b56451811f89 · outbound

This paper cites Challenges and Future Directions of Data-Centric AI Alignment.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Challenges and Future Directions of Data-Centric AI Alignment

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:14.584356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.584356Z digest=sha256:840ce81a508826c956a1868c0f954ec5a9ea8b7b2f56480303e04e4832fb6e64

Observation 27be85ee-4e45-4465-813a-2cb4eaa498c1 · outbound

This paper cites A/b testing: A systematic literature review.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective A/b testing: A systematic literature review

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:21.155978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.691279Z digest=sha256:67bf4bebf3d8b38798f31760c4a92b405c2f459e4fe279fe395552a85a296505

Observation 1304c1b3-7cf6-4b4f-b5fc-b527e17c1310 · outbound

This paper cites Causal alignment: Augmenting language models with a/b tests.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Causal alignment: Augmenting language models with a/b tests

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:14.782289Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.782289Z digest=sha256:6948554acf6198d62835b220faca516183982491bced3aa529fb5a00cdbb5831

Observation 8653298e-2855-4c80-b5a5-42532f56fab3 · outbound

This paper cites Using advanced llms to enhance smaller llms: An interpretable knowledge distillation approach.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Using advanced llms to enhance smaller llms: An interpretable knowledge distillation approach

Reference 8

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:18.468656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.857940Z digest=sha256:724558792a0390ead79630563b911cb999281daa9643b53976c85bf28dc6ec51

Observation f01b1c0a-05a2-43f4-83de-fea84e624f49 · outbound

This paper cites Test & roll: Profit-maximizing a/b tests.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Test & roll: Profit-maximizing a/b tests

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:20.952564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:14.936266Z digest=sha256:4183598f8ab67f07d955568310d470991a3e650cbd73fd7bbe87c4625610b7f3

Observation 87253cb1-f801-432d-bdea-fbb23aa2948b · outbound

This paper cites An empirical meta-analysis of e-commerce a/b testing strategies.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective An empirical meta-analysis of e-commerce a/b testing strategies

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:20.744955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.032629Z digest=sha256:78e538919412e6f9ac173f8968183c2e4fda66abf85713509ab44864b6cfabe7

Observation 1395be67-84f5-406e-a8d9-835b1a721668 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.103600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.103600Z digest=sha256:b30042864d81635ae045aa581edf33ad818d04200abe5278c52b86a5984d4f75

Observation 1cdda42c-2864-4fcc-98e6-63524a7aad59 · outbound

This paper cites Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.175631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.175631Z digest=sha256:6c706d129df0ca496ae7228143578c45cc630c87367f8b8d212fca909bf7d5c2

Observation c4fbbd3e-4590-4657-83e2-9b8471d94855 · outbound

This paper cites Lima: Less is more for alignment.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Lima: Less is more for alignment

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.267425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.267425Z digest=sha256:701f7dc0078a6c70f38ed588975d438ccb61e0119da9efebc94879ea57c2ce56

Observation 19e5775a-1770-4bdd-b367-a0ee4092b2a6 · outbound

This paper cites The importance of human-labeled data in the era of llms.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective The importance of human-labeled data in the era of llms

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:20.458336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.350394Z digest=sha256:50fccf4defc025a18a8eb50646f3377076abc20517dadde55494a9f7735e3029

Observation d37f9bd2-4b6f-4a95-a0ad-9ad7914a76d4 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.448497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.448497Z digest=sha256:5ccb505a15386e2f8bfcc7e1976d4423220f05f3160e75ef08cd86bbb3de1c72

Observation 52856e02-4a99-4368-bd32-d4e6a38b8a78 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization in direct alignment algorithms.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization in direct alignment algorithms

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:20.241078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.508979Z digest=sha256:5a922585fefd37fd990428d72fefadbf3c72899946eaead860f80efadc5ee41d

Observation dc2dd242-8485-4e6a-930e-aaca2b364761 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.576254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.576254Z digest=sha256:d41a39bdc28e778ec3c19c6398cb9e9d465f743345122162504a2ad41c6a8278

Observation d3240d1f-c082-4435-8769-cf59db7c3518 · outbound

This paper cites RLAIF: Scal- ing reinforcement learning from human feedback with AI feedback, 2024.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective RLAIF: Scal- ing reinforcement learning from human feedback with AI feedback, 2024

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:20.015498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.641137Z digest=sha256:e282493ef30cb25598f7bf743c59fb61fe32f23075120e9508a2bf45eafa750d

Observation a1ae2e67-47ec-4273-961f-b4052573685a · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.716062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.716062Z digest=sha256:2805ddc537e68bed6f4e0e684cd63871c2be0a24820617eb8e3d7eb665ce5ae4

Observation 480d506a-8742-4f8c-8b15-36439fc36f17 · outbound

This paper cites A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.782738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.782738Z digest=sha256:5d7b563a552f64ba6264a4e29631b4c9865ee11ad8df6f9169c09ced511c4a4b

Observation aaacbc1b-e606-4515-969b-55cc7792ebc4 · outbound

This paper cites The upworthy research archive, a time series of 32,487 experiments in us media.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective The upworthy research archive, a time series of 32,487 experiments in us media

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.855934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.889787Z digest=sha256:f2bd6f554cf25fd3493437082163c441d493c95932545a67d23559ad18142f3a

Observation b83ca2f0-ed9d-4ed0-a290-b717dab7fc04 · outbound

This paper cites Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:15.951592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:15.951592Z digest=sha256:8e79a2a58c71d1000195e1f3800a44f25dbf4a21030e27ca0cc9d2eba7faaad5

Observation 701f88d8-2126-41e2-b4aa-0934efbfa74d · outbound

This paper cites Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.753711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.038335Z digest=sha256:c28e5962d6f819fa97861b00eca55774015c44eb5e14d4aa11fc66e3bf75ece9

Observation 65f8d39b-6f2e-4437-a4f6-2610d9fae4a8 · outbound

This paper cites Minimax estimation of conditional moment models.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Minimax estimation of conditional moment models

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.625610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.117623Z digest=sha256:4aadb261a7e3d073be366103244b1d357d261a2118435b66bad1d349e77f1969

Observation 1100beae-4776-418e-9d8d-4350b6df5d89 · outbound

This paper cites Mind: A large-scale dataset for news recommendation.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Mind: A large-scale dataset for news recommendation

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.491351Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.213931Z digest=sha256:d3007e30c8d0ef5c275d1415265db36a188f154be85a1d9abc29476fa0e6e6e0

Observation 447989a9-e58f-42f3-8c2c-84d434e6fd98 · outbound

This paper cites Generative brand choice.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Generative brand choice

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.360338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.324319Z digest=sha256:39d0f783ec538847e6041d25162c99e0ca8dd419312885573e911577036010c8

Observation 873e0199-de5f-45a7-8d8f-68a9106cb74a · outbound

This paper cites Deep neural networks for estimation and inference.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Deep neural networks for estimation and inference

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.222244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.439142Z digest=sha256:65b27063318454141e922680a7066a7ae99e12a6552fb12b029b239ce141a334

Observation 9ee94596-7af0-49a8-9bb8-96f8d995be3a · outbound

This paper cites Deep generalized method of moments for instrumental variable analysis.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Deep generalized method of moments for instrumental variable analysis

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.159180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.546057Z digest=sha256:2ca0a144b271410af18485eb5d3175fa12d0900dd8aa8dd8ef0fe2000f199c4d

Observation 58c9ac13-0bb7-41a8-8aca-77a9ee31969a · outbound

This paper cites Causal regressions for unstructured data.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Causal regressions for unstructured data

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.093833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.631945Z digest=sha256:09214c7b9c3ef511c90c2a9cba8deb8d8d0c5713bad883adb9b5c358637b6ce7

Observation c5bc5580-efe2-45b2-973b-4a1e30795853 · outbound

This paper cites Secrets of RLHF in Large Language Models Part I: PPO.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Secrets of RLHF in Large Language Models Part I: PPO

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:16.728456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.728456Z digest=sha256:8f53aa8189d25ca3566a903dc7c8cce7601bc73d45b3dacbf269f3d07ab658c3

Observation 7e660493-93ab-42cd-a656-900de269cc29 · outbound

This paper cites Unpacking DPO and PPO: Disentangling Best Practices for Learning from Preference Feedback.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Unpacking DPO and PPO: Disentangling Best Practices for Learning from Preference Feedback

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:16.819602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.819602Z digest=sha256:c1af1debcddd8e3b88d53f6c2d2105fc69378ee45102a05f490a52b566ac31fa

Observation 4e951b96-3123-48bf-bcd4-574844319aa9 · outbound

This paper cites Bias in data-driven artificial intelligence systems—an introductory survey.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Bias in data-driven artificial intelligence systems—an introductory survey

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:19.003112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:16.913212Z digest=sha256:ae9b16975d29009f8894c99ced300374b468daf6fa103266e9e9ef2e139cee94

Observation 3a528559-9b07-4aa3-8710-8ad63f060415 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Confusion and Reward Misidentification in Preference-Based Reward Learning.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Causal Confusion and Reward Misidentification in Preference-Based Reward Learning

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.017683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.017683Z digest=sha256:60c96bd6e0db33eeae42de22371fe28984e85e8454834d989ca6567bc8bfca69

Observation 364f773c-46c3-4693-bd84-54150435f2ee · outbound

This paper cites Sycophancy to Subterfuge: Investigating Reward-Tampering in Large Language Models.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Sycophancy to Subterfuge: Investigating Reward-Tampering in Large Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.142465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.142465Z digest=sha256:64e9eb20fca6450264ae8f147219fa8f131fcdca828b682a7a62015900238a54

Observation c7e10994-40b2-4706-903f-2421b967a51a · outbound

This paper cites ODIN: Disentangled Reward Mitigates Hacking in RLHF.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective ODIN: Disentangled Reward Mitigates Hacking in RLHF

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.249774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.249774Z digest=sha256:bd999f1779786d2ebae610f6d19b0bd2c506c1f6c3f6f46583546aed85c06ea2

Observation 9a272143-534e-48a8-8fcd-3a0e9f42ce18 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond Reward Hacking: Causal Rewards for Large Language Model Alignment.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Beyond Reward Hacking: Causal Rewards for Large Language Model Alignment

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.355112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.355112Z digest=sha256:938313d62f22c36aa47cee39d1f6ecd3c43508caffa0b85824c5eaa28896daa2

Observation fba57f18-16e5-4fdc-8fa1-71201e39de9e · outbound

This paper cites SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Model.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Model

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.483713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.483713Z digest=sha256:5ac0a386cc2703324ce483133a6a4a00d202dc7228dd48dab9a4e36b7dd66228

Observation 3fee8457-da0a-4969-a6f0-991d87fcb8a6 · outbound

This paper cites Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.560917Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.560917Z digest=sha256:2ce40571e428e0dcb58bd3d14f54a1626d40c462ac33664cf93fecac3565dd1b

Observation d4df7dea-5854-4d46-b4d2-bbb80f4e4c9f · outbound

This paper cites distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student (re- vision 2e33845), 2023.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student (re- vision 2e33845), 2023

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:18.888619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.598311Z digest=sha256:8a67bbba2c09b6e88fd289f77dd651ae4451f7551207e397339c5076f1698e25

Observation 0056c3d5-8694-46ce-9ea5-cb6f7d039276 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on bias and fairness in machine learning.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective A survey on bias and fairness in machine learning

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.647306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.647306Z digest=sha256:65c69ffd09ec26650822f38095afadc7bb2136a52d1858641a6e07a57cf49c14

Observation 16b0d6ec-d405-4c0e-99e9-3877f97d715a · outbound

This paper cites On the adaptive elastic-net with a diverging number of parameters.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective On the adaptive elastic-net with a diverging number of parameters

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:18.762006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.723474Z digest=sha256:62af9aa0d62fc9b87f47adfc6ec5bbdcdd7ad645a29c793bf208f9c2016bf7c3

Observation eda638d9-805f-4841-b6d1-17268fd0bc0c · outbound

This paper cites Endogeneity in high dimensions.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Endogeneity in high dimensions

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:18.630931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.767924Z digest=sha256:aa9792ebac6e22f08f24c53cdb61b3893e915e2e55cd2204712f0db7ea292d60

Observation ac285f32-15af-4f0f-9196-dc30448eca56 · outbound

This paper cites packages.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective packages

Reference 43

Resolution
metadata mismatch
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:18.120828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:16:17.842335Z digest=sha256:dc2e4f5032b791fdecaca9fb1786eae287c8d0dd2b9fd9de2f546b39928f0840

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.