Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.00152.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.00152 v1

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:16:17.842335Z

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

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measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c01c58dc-46a1-4004-9c0b-838f4a9ef487 · outbound

This paper cites How ai outperforms humans at creative idea generation.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective How ai outperforms humans at creative idea generation

Reference 1

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This paper cites Ai–human hybrids for marketing research: Leveraging large language models (llms) as collaborators.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Ai–human hybrids for marketing research: Leveraging large language models (llms) as collaborators

Reference 2

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Observation afd87cce-6043-4ae9-ade5-b60d56f90e14 · outbound

This paper cites Frontiers: Can large language models capture human prefer- ences? Marketing Science, 43(4):709–722, 2024.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Frontiers: Can large language models capture human prefer- ences? Marketing Science, 43(4):709–722, 2024

Reference 3

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This paper cites LOLA: LLM-Assisted Online Learning Algorithm for Content Experiments.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective LOLA: LLM-Assisted Online Learning Algorithm for Content Experiments

Reference 4

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Observation 782aba1f-e6cb-4374-a701-b56451811f89 · outbound

This paper cites Challenges and Future Directions of Data-Centric AI Alignment.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Challenges and Future Directions of Data-Centric AI Alignment

Reference 5

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Observation 27be85ee-4e45-4465-813a-2cb4eaa498c1 · outbound

This paper cites A/b testing: A systematic literature review.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective A/b testing: A systematic literature review

Reference 6

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Observation 1304c1b3-7cf6-4b4f-b5fc-b527e17c1310 · outbound

This paper cites Causal alignment: Augmenting language models with a/b tests.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Causal alignment: Augmenting language models with a/b tests

Reference 7

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Observation 8653298e-2855-4c80-b5a5-42532f56fab3 · outbound

This paper cites Using advanced llms to enhance smaller llms: An interpretable knowledge distillation approach.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Using advanced llms to enhance smaller llms: An interpretable knowledge distillation approach

Reference 8

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This paper cites Test & roll: Profit-maximizing a/b tests.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Test & roll: Profit-maximizing a/b tests

Reference 9

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Observation 87253cb1-f801-432d-bdea-fbb23aa2948b · outbound

This paper cites An empirical meta-analysis of e-commerce a/b testing strategies.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective An empirical meta-analysis of e-commerce a/b testing strategies

Reference 10

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Observation 1395be67-84f5-406e-a8d9-835b1a721668 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 11

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Observation 1cdda42c-2864-4fcc-98e6-63524a7aad59 · outbound

This paper cites Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model

Reference 12

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Observation c4fbbd3e-4590-4657-83e2-9b8471d94855 · outbound

This paper cites Lima: Less is more for alignment.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Lima: Less is more for alignment

Reference 13

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This paper cites The importance of human-labeled data in the era of llms.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective The importance of human-labeled data in the era of llms

Reference 14

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Observation d37f9bd2-4b6f-4a95-a0ad-9ad7914a76d4 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization

Reference 15

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This paper cites Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization in direct alignment algorithms.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Scaling laws for reward model overoptimization in direct alignment algorithms

Reference 16

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Observation dc2dd242-8485-4e6a-930e-aaca2b364761 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences

Reference 17

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Observation d3240d1f-c082-4435-8769-cf59db7c3518 · outbound

This paper cites RLAIF: Scal- ing reinforcement learning from human feedback with AI feedback, 2024.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective RLAIF: Scal- ing reinforcement learning from human feedback with AI feedback, 2024

Reference 18

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This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 19

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This paper cites A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment

Reference 20

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This paper cites The upworthy research archive, a time series of 32,487 experiments in us media.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective The upworthy research archive, a time series of 32,487 experiments in us media

Reference 21

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Observation b83ca2f0-ed9d-4ed0-a290-b717dab7fc04 · outbound

This paper cites Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling

Reference 22

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This paper cites Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters

Reference 23

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Minimax estimation of conditional moment models

Reference 24

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Mind: A large-scale dataset for news recommendation

Reference 25

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Observation 447989a9-e58f-42f3-8c2c-84d434e6fd98 · outbound

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Generative brand choice

Reference 26

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Deep neural networks for estimation and inference

Reference 27

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Deep generalized method of moments for instrumental variable analysis

Reference 28

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Observation 58c9ac13-0bb7-41a8-8aca-77a9ee31969a · outbound

This paper cites Causal regressions for unstructured data.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Causal regressions for unstructured data

Reference 29

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Secrets of RLHF in Large Language Models Part I: PPO

Reference 30

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Unpacking DPO and PPO: Disentangling Best Practices for Learning from Preference Feedback

Reference 31

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Bias in data-driven artificial intelligence systems—an introductory survey

Reference 32

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This paper cites Causal Confusion and Reward Misidentification in Preference-Based Reward Learning.

Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Causal Confusion and Reward Misidentification in Preference-Based Reward Learning

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Sycophancy to Subterfuge: Investigating Reward-Tampering in Large Language Models

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective ODIN: Disentangled Reward Mitigates Hacking in RLHF

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Beyond Reward Hacking: Causal Rewards for Large Language Model Alignment

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Model

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models

Reference 38

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective distilbert-base-multilingual-cased-sentiments-student (re- vision 2e33845), 2023

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective A survey on bias and fairness in machine learning

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective On the adaptive elastic-net with a diverging number of parameters

Reference 41

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective Endogeneity in high dimensions

Reference 42

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Aligning Language Models with Observational Data: Opportunities and Risks from a Causal Perspective packages

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Pith citing papers

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