Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T01:09:27.918621Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 55 of 55 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.02248.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T01:09:27.918621Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
55 of 55 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 05c7295d-1b60-4521-a28c-cb444c80282d · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Metaplasticity: tuning synapses and networks for plasticity
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 683b7f47-2813-4f71-8122-121b1c83e7d0 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Deep learning without weight transport
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5794fdb9-cbc5-4cb1-8e92-75634fde6de1 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Natural gradient works efficiently in learning
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 78953aca-998a-48e5-8f2e-3cf5450997c0 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Hebbian plasticity in vivo: relevance and induc- tion
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 73c90b7a-5d5d-49d2-8fd9-eac5c14717fb · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Big-c creativity in artists and scientists is associated with more random global but less random local fmri functional connectivity
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5e450123-9d18-4dc4-8eef-26646182b8fb · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines An on-chip photonic deep neural network for image classification
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 712d76d6-c250-41bb-be39-2adaade6ae78 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Training deep quantum neural networks
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7605f78b-f0e6-44dc-ac40-5bd04a2ebc1c · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Programmable photonic circuits
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4fdb4eee-7c9a-438e-be54-eb2af58a6f5e · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Role of feedback connections in central visual processing
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation de533eec-bc1b-495f-8fd5-478dc3d8ae26 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Heterosynaptic plasticity prevents runaway synaptic dynamics
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation cd1768c2-4c31-4355-ae5f-72888e167a50 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Heterosynaptic plasticity: multiple mechanisms and multiple roles
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 62561f0f-f733-4da6-a46a-0607750f6c14 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Homeostatic role of heterosynaptic plasticity: models and experiments
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d3567cc3-460e-4410-b31c-b8ac03e3d63d · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines On Lazy Training in Differentiable Programming
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ba8260d7-0013-436f-9844-8656c2efd8a0 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Critical periods of brain development
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 14280a1d-57bd-4df3-b4a1-b9dc8a6d25ca · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of a neuron
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c0198891-6ce2-40f2-b342-8f89604e3ca8 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Random noise stimulation improves neuroplas- ticity in perceptual learning
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f4fc3211-096a-4985-aaea-3271c6013e01 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity depends on dendritic location
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ddf09f57-b850-419c-84ce-ca67f9a7ef28 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Past makes future: role of pfc in prediction
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b37dfa11-b14a-4378-8a45-f3f6700e727d · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Learning and memory impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: relation to the presence, type, and location of brain lesion
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4c1613ae-2bcd-40ff-9642-010b19a182a6 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Potassium channels control the interaction between active dendritic integration compartments in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b34f20ed-7232-4043-a826-5a931fe7e959 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d0b6c7e7-a25a-475e-92a8-bdd65b6202b9 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a7be4bd2-4678-430e-8708-b772364e7307 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines State-dependent modulation of sensory feedback
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d1680a3c-8884-44fe-95eb-3c9845d141c1 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Structural homo-and heterosynaptic plasticity in mature and adult newborn rat hippocampal granule cells
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 25893dc6-b9e3-4680-b75b-e02419b6bffa · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3904e93a-7ffd-4651-8a5c-a3c9e9005ad6 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Heb- bian and anti-hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity of human cortico-cortical connections
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 32250243-431d-4431-94fd-c9caff520880 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Principles of plasticity in the developing brain
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 06e8b4b0-6987-4fb5-ac02-15f5b685d7d5 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Backpropagation without weight transport
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 052f1070-957e-4ee1-990c-0141cf422500 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Self-Assembly of a Biologically Plausible Learning Circuit
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 21b95172-c85f-4c28-b0b8-9bcc8bdd6a79 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Random synaptic feedback weights support error backpropagation for deep learning
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 376aecd2-1f44-456b-adea-71e7035b7685 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Backpropa- gation and the brain
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0222f210-0814-4cd5-9013-c9a8db331d74 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Synaptic plasticity forms and functions
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7b5a6bcc-dec3-47d6-917a-3dee3e03ab96 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Anatomy of hierarchy: feedforward and feedback pathways in macaque visual cortex
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 6803966f-ef7c-4ebe-bdcc-713afe1dba2a · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Medial prefrontal cell activity signaling prediction errors of action values
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bd7e814e-03fb-4807-8fe6-d0afb475f40a · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Direct feedback alignment provides learning in deep neural networks
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 6095cb1f-d90e-4580-a3fe-7d0362c81a05 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Simplified neuron model as a principal component analyzer
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f07f2208-c6c6-44e0-87dc-10053e28adc2 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 96caa3f8-a2c7-42e6-a41f-5b705e96238a · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Global waves synchronize the brain’s functional systems with fluctuating arousal
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation afc989f9-1ffb-495a-9aaa-d24316f071c2 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Align, then memorise: the dynamics of learning with feedback alignment
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0abbbdcb-dde4-48b2-a27e-4c3d29d92141 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines A cooperative switch determines the sign of synaptic plasticity in distal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 2d127f2e-a9ec-43ec-afda-2c4faa0a6198 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines How to Train Your Energy-Based Models
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 55910605-e227-406a-b0f6-c85f945f6c82 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Learning produces an orthogonal- ized state machine in the hippocampus
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation cc0abee1-a2f4-49fb-885a-14dfdd08b80d · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Tieleman and G
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 715634ae-7886-4152-aa89-ebf83171aa9c · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Hebb and homeostasis in neuronal plasticity
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation fb4afcc7-f349-493c-9950-c3b84f34c7d4 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Homeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system.Nature reviews neuroscience, 5(2):97–107, 2004
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 9ed70c6e-8e5e-4d6c-859d-8ff1d888c362 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projec- tions directed to the auditory pathway
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1871f336-dcdf-4447-b17e-5b005f118247 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines On the definition of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio for fmri data
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ca94f156-1c4a-4e02-8f76-88049e27875a · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Theories of error back-propagation in the brain
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation be826491-a68c-444f-a7b4-c76143a1c898 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Using goal-driven deep learning models to understand sensory cortex
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 924d2dc3-a524-4477-8a57-c2573879f225 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Feature Learning in Infinite-Width Neural Networks
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e9c9c098-7b6c-4ec7-aea6-410fa0fb2d16 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Hebbian plasticity requires compensatory processes on multi- ple timescales
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7b3d6e12-26a4-4ef4-bfbd-1ff2ddf25316 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines The unbearable slowness of being: Why do we live at 10 bits/s? Neuron, 113(2):192–204, 2025
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1c817d16-7a36-41ee-a88b-3763e56f5fde · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Formation of Representations in Neural Networks
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cf503694-b91d-4f1c-8573-9ae98da6e206 · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines Unresolved cited work
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4b7b19d5-bd99-44a2-93a0-91cbceea5bcd · outbound
Heterosynaptic Circuits Are Universal Gradient Machines For the second point, while the best performing connectivity is something one intuitively expects, it does not take any specific form that prior works have proposed
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.