Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:45:38.335185Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.01631.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:45:38.335185Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T12:56:25.274337Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T05:27:39.634132Z
49 of 49 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 90b682a3-b277-4a11-bd5e-828d071bc43b · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Hugging face-models,
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f6cafbeb-3b75-45f7-90e1-fa45f4065be3 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Code clone detection—a systematic review,
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2b25be50-f1b7-468e-93f0-8aeb3898020f · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Understanding the role of licenses and evolution in open architecture software ecosystems,
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f03e0b1a-57ce-4744-ae86-8a5491031fa4 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Meta llama 3 license
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7e68aac5-ebd5-4ecb-82ff-ac614ad3ebdf · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Gemma 3 terms of use,
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b032eed8-bab1-4637-8675-7cfd270c9feb · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification A survey of static analysis methods for identifying security vulnerabilities in software systems,
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a5f22a09-3f33-4a44-9e73-9be78ff0448c · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification The explosion of small language models (slms) and license confusion,
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation dd9a6fae-2379-4d6a-b312-d5937adc116f · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Instructional Fingerprinting of Large Language Models
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9d9658e8-c61c-4215-a50b-e8cf4d0fe443 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Hey, That's My Model! Introducing Chain & Hash, An LLM Fingerprinting Technique
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5367b7c9-caf6-4606-a765-d5356aebbf40 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification A fingerprint for large language models,
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6e4eaa80-b167-41d5-bab0-48b3877f0f1c · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Your Large Language Models Are Leaving Fingerprints
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ff193b78-c06b-4498-87b8-81b37c06255b · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification REEF: Representation Encoding Fingerprints for Large Language Models
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 17f8f7ee-0b16-422c-99dc-62826df00ef6 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Huref: Human-readable fingerprint for large language models,
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b97b70b6-a788-4d34-8acb-0340e66c255b · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Unsupervised Model Tree Heritage Recovery
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e3a663d6-a566-4eeb-9e59-059d3acc3ffb · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Models-hugging face,
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 86e20b47-96d8-4d9a-9781-dd9c3d1e524b · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Pain pickle: Bypassing python restricted unpickler for automatic exploit generation,
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2868d8e9-568f-4252-9343-44e4e431d20f · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Safetensors documentation,
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b2940480-ba75-4f17-9cc1-20080a795505 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Fine-Tuning Pretrained Language Models: Weight Initializations, Data Orders, and Early Stopping
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2fca282f-14e3-4cdd-adba-239998c7078a · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods for Pretrained Language Models: A Critical Review and Assessment
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation be79d273-3e8b-4f69-a243-956a1afe255d · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 465b6a40-3254-4531-867f-a10c004c4301 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b6d94f68-6db2-459f-8205-f43a58e2659e · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 42e3d9af-2a78-45ec-9f7c-5b8be31181fd · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Parameter-efficient transfer learning for nlp,
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c055aa00-0399-4362-a62d-5bf93174bca8 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 87d6071e-b9f8-4a7b-af5b-e3c5c4789e26 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 66ed174c-812f-446a-b1f5-bea44fb1fabb · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Intrinsic Dimensionality Explains the Effectiveness of Language Model Fine-Tuning
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 20d31cbb-bfbb-4ac7-b789-f9a581938328 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Visual instruction tuning,
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bb1dc6ce-0de8-4e44-8800-efeb4c399cdf · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification RLAIF vs. RLHF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI Feedback
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6a1757f3-07de-4a89-ac3d-59eb614d49c6 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification The fine-tuning landscape in 2025: A comprehensive analysis,
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cd76f639-9f39-450b-a67a-2fea0c3214c9 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification A Systematic Literature Review of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Code Models
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 92e3eb51-3b99-46ce-aec1-90378cd12edb · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Ia3: Parameter-efficient fine-tuning with ia3,
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5d453ae4-9151-405c-8847-c79bd0b98da4 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Qwen2.5-7b-instruct on hugging face,
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 70b9fbf4-1ad7-44b9-9c07-08e17579af1c · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Phi-4 on hugging face,
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a352021f-3740-4872-9b36-9dfe4ad6f12f · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f768574e-0d4b-4b46-949c-a758c82919df · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Principal components analysis (pca),
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b9bcdc56-f808-40d2-bec9-9ebe930b5bf7 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Llama 3.1-8b on hugging face,
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f1abea04-1886-48a6-975b-a66b60cf6e95 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Llama 3.2-1b on hugging face,
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ee253e18-bb57-4486-a958-e33b7d678873 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Llama 3.2-3b on hugging face,
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c555a5cc-2ba9-4aa3-84d0-a43ac7c47193 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Qwen2.5-3b on hugging face,
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation fd56929e-652b-41ab-9199-76060d785c7e · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Qwen2.5-7b on hugging face,
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a5d7be87-9735-481f-9765-b52238649621 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Phi-4 on hugging face,
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 933fcab6-3f3d-474b-ac4e-7c88e3392ae8 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Gemma 3 4b it on hugging face,
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 144041b4-2c08-4ef9-8ee3-244790b87cac · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Mistral-7b-instruct-v0.1 on hugging face,
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d21679c5-3f11-45bd-a914-661608e96c05 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Extending Llama-3's Context Ten-Fold Overnight
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 97a5f85d-f5b0-4575-ad94-3601c36a4354 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Fine-Tuning Qwen 2.5 3B for Realistic Movie Dialogue Generation
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 127b653a-fc03-4cac-b7af-b92dcda63c87 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Fine-tuning gemma-7b for enhanced sentiment analysis of financial news headlines,
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a3906756-8c76-4c45-91c9-c18a1840d665 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Adaptive Machine Translation
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b925b99a-48e0-4b30-a48c-a839cbd5c365 · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Gemma 2 2b it on hugging face,
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c1d758c7-06ae-4e4d-9d69-d6e7be0f4aee · outbound
Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification Piracy Resistant Watermarks for Deep Neural Networks
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3abbc680-51a3-4dba-baea-3ad64bf49b99 · inbound
Copyright Protection for Large Language Models: A Survey of Methods, Challenges, and Trends Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification
Reference 153
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cbb19b2b-58ac-4417-b917-67278ca75380 · inbound
KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation fd717b20-9488-4bf0-a812-4e98a3501592 · inbound
KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8ec2d37d-77e0-4b94-88ba-b08f83f593e2 · inbound
READER: Robust Evidence-based Authorship Decoding via Extracted Representations Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 23e0d316-cc98-490e-a7f5-e01bbc8027a3 · inbound
modelDNA: Calibrated Lineage Verification and Merge Decomposition from Sampled Weight Fingerprints Gradient-Based Model Fingerprinting for LLM Similarity Detection and Family Classification
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.