Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 41 of 41 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2501.04985.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.04985 v1

Coverage vector

measured 41 of 41 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.557865Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:43:54.150106Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T14:43:54.528796Z

Reference resolution

41 of 41 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy1
unresolved36
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 47f11d80-0db8-4063-b335-c36ea28ae610 · outbound

This paper cites Action Fraud.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Action Fraud

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.377974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5806db38-05f6-461a-aaf7-ee819c340eb2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.358714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation fa86ccef-ae68-4135-9253-41df73227e7e · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.365681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc02e4a1-cf77-451b-ac0c-dcee6152666e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.339391Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3848437e-e8db-4654-a75c-ddfa5973aa20 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.376650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d489873b-ee59-4464-9eb6-609611605491 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.382057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2e2f7d43-dd9e-4438-8bd4-784eb02d1e87 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.387851Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f8c8d02b-90c7-499d-981b-39eb9bf08863 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.286458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation ef7e8441-b6fe-475f-bb1e-f3ac91afb311 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.268278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 459a6aba-f6da-43b1-9871-1b4e984b799a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.402665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5a1e3d6-ee31-4cd7-95dc-d2a72c6d204e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.238808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 11f4e652-beb0-438b-a2f9-60cd10d7d41b · outbound

This paper cites A Comparative Analysis of Fine-Tuned LLMs and Few-Shot Learning of LLMs for Financial Sentiment Analysis.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs A Comparative Analysis of Fine-Tuned LLMs and Few-Shot Learning of LLMs for Financial Sentiment Analysis

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.825336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f084bbbe-d855-4c19-810b-7bb6f77e1042 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.219078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 55a50686-1080-4590-9991-8d0a0a4b0ca4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.202127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation fbebce1b-5a7d-4bbf-a0fb-5a228ad96afd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.185415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9b9bfc7b-248d-46b9-a7b7-2babbc934f75 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.167097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8be5ee57-d986-475e-9789-cf322381e83e · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.438492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cdaf2e36-722e-4f0a-a829-a9993fc7687d · outbound

This paper cites Mixtral of Experts.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Mixtral of Experts

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.443378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c186120-02c5-45b6-898e-67b5817d1ea9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.149382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation be186439-759e-4c59-a02f-8ef41794377b · outbound

This paper cites SpamDam: Towards Privacy-Preserving and Adversary-Resistant SMS Spam Detection.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs SpamDam: Towards Privacy-Preserving and Adversary-Resistant SMS Spam Detection

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.764508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 64b736a4-2b8d-4e85-865a-67f3f168a184 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.459272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1876910-42f4-48db-b163-1ff62dc3b054 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.118702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 20b5fc02-54b2-4630-b096-a786ff12c515 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.100797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 53cd8434-2722-4114-b4d6-cf869c8900d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.083808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c73b9a6b-0b18-437c-8a5e-73be1250d99a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.066454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation fedfb1f4-2ca8-44a2-b82a-d5c3f2792eb3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.048940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a8878d95-56a7-44fc-8a34-9a440f83da48 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.031491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 22979cb1-0021-4bfb-9778-dc55549194a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:35.014264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0e1ff39f-fbe4-461f-8b3f-da9d17de558a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.996801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation ff6ba9da-0d6f-4fe2-9efc-0757df520671 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.508779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 249a9fbd-58c2-4369-ad93-8be105c38fbc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.978994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7ccd8708-6730-454e-9250-d50b06c7cb0e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.960951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 97ee15fd-ec2b-4f52-86f5-b4b293259b80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.943735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation d94213bd-8757-4502-8eb7-1365fbb1e73e · outbound

This paper cites Spam Detection Using BERT.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Spam Detection Using BERT

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.623835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5d3c5197-b958-40cf-a6ff-b041485ac0e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.926168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a44c1544-5081-4d15-ba71-e76fa7c6794c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.907555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f507c760-572b-427a-ab01-6641b9c8501f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.889847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 4cd9e44e-20b7-480b-8ace-5d3cfd3fe563 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.547916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ddd06016-e89a-47ed-8c5f-efa066d41597 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.552956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e20baa8-410e-4fb5-addb-cc0c6c724b8f · outbound

This paper cites l” with “1.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs l” with “1

Reference 40

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.861862Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 11439ee7-65cf-4088-ab14-257f9a529a17 · outbound

This paper cites TextAttack: A Framework for Adversarial Attacks, Data Augmentation, and Adversarial Training in NLP.

SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs TextAttack: A Framework for Adversarial Attacks, Data Augmentation, and Adversarial Training in NLP

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:25:34.494112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 4956f645-93c1-40b2-938e-692cf723d166 · inbound

POSTER: A Multi-Signal Model for Detecting Evasive Smishing cites this paper.

POSTER: A Multi-Signal Model for Detecting Evasive Smishing SpaLLM-Guard: Pairing SMS Spam Detection Using Open-source and Commercial LLMs

Reference 2025

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:43:54.648421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.