Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:00:58.554003Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 121 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.06132.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:00:58.554003Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
100 of 121 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 3bd51078-57ec-4c05-bcc0-89069e636f86 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Bruce Croft, Fernando Diaz, Leah Larkey, Xiaoyan Li, Donald Metzler, Mark D
Reference 1
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a8e99a67-8147-4404-83d6-4f1576fa8978 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Deepbot: a focused crawler for accessing hidden web content
Reference 2
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Observation 00f6897a-b2ae-4325-b093-c99bc0e223a5 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Large scale distributed neural network training through online distillation
Reference 3
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Observation 30ef35ed-53d3-4286-b7fd-c0d7f01fce86 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Im- provements that don’t add up: ad-hoc retrieval results since 1998
Reference 4
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Observation d2d2105d-e05e-4982-8d9e-222d883a4ddb · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate
Reference 5
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Observation 815d1a6a-90d6-44a7-a1b5-88857d800caf · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval The arcade learning environment: An evaluation platform for general agents.J
Reference 6
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Observation 2797d114-e26c-4820-8431-7289470c1ba1 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Information retrieval as statistical translation
Reference 7
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d6ff143c-b1a7-46c6-96b5-6fa06c2dcb0a · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Document expansion versus query expansion for ad-hoc retrieval
Reference 8
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3a72a7ad-0314-4dde-9a17-9e949e9e0c58 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Bagging predictors.Machine learning, 24(2):123–140, 1996
Reference 9
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Observation fa26ade2-a449-4287-b221-cd4793122764 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Bias, variance, and arcing classifiers
Reference 10
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3c4acd60-c7ab-46db-a99e-dfa8e4f401d3 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
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Observation f1c9ad70-6413-4dcc-8e98-3eb870423798 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval OpenAI Gym
Reference 12
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Observation 4e69c05a-43e2-450d-a556-f0826a52c215 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Analyzing Language Learned by an Active Question Answering Agent
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation c57d85bd-2aab-4ebb-8010-154509406df2 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Ask the right questions: Active question reformulation with reinforcement learning
Reference 14
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 237c55e5-d53e-4e00-805d-04e9718bdc0b · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Selecting good expansion terms for pseudo-relevance feedback
Reference 15
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ebdf4fcd-ecfb-4d50-a121-c5ed05963d51 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Asurveyofautomaticqueryexpansion in information retrieval.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 44(1):1, 2012
Reference 16
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c7ce021a-de00-4e9a-a179-c7c29dcffee6 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Focused crawling: a new approach to topic-specific web resource discovery.Computer Networks, 31 (11):1623–1640, 1999
Reference 17
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b93e5a47-1e8d-401d-a3a1-f852634ae9c8 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Asystematiccomparisonofsmoothingtechniques for sentence-level bleu
Reference 18
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Observation f5bca8ff-427e-428a-803c-193c16af3b5b · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Reading Wikipedia to Answer Open-Domain Questions
Reference 19
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a020a645-b36d-4d08-ba53-c1ff976295dd · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Collecting highly parallel data for para- phrase evaluation
Reference 20
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9c9caf88-a62a-49e2-9a61-320b4aec84df · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation
Reference 21
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 868fc524-fc6d-4700-a659-508f34355e6b · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Simple and Effective Multi-Paragraph Reading Comprehension
Reference 22
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 605ac114-c863-47d4-97fe-679d0f20bd2e · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Improving Exploration in Evolution Strategies for Deep Reinforcement Learning via a Population of Novelty-Seeking Agents
Reference 23
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a5499a0a-0d55-43bb-8e98-781bd8682d48 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Convolutional neural networks for soft-matching n-grams in ad-hoc search
Reference 24
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50c6a000-ee19-4aee-9ce8-bbe0c0901342 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Feudal reinforcement learning
Reference 25
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 80833775-27b0-4cd0-ab54-1000a4aaed33 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Dumais, George W
Reference 26
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f41811ca-80d3-4f68-b139-3e88540c4062 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Reference 27
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9d924ba5-755f-46e9-a807-fc7312b04bc6 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Quasar: Datasets for Question Answering by Search and Reading
Reference 28
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e104d2ae-5f0d-47b8-94c8-bfd37ceb354d · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Pseudo-query reformulation
Reference 29
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fd73c1b7-60a8-4015-8cb5-8fdc852e8d7b · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Improvingtheestimationofrelevancemodels using large external corpora
Reference 30
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 59e60e24-d605-4413-a2f4-4f7e6f240988 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Query Expansion with Locally-Trained Word Embeddings
Reference 31
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 21362dda-2a9d-4d8c-a9a3-179bdf6d611c · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Hierarchical reinforcement learning with the maxq value function decomposition
Reference 32
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation edcfc6b2-6891-4be5-b0ca-158515c1d221 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Trec car: A data set for complex answer retrieval
Reference 33
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7c7f9e2f-0130-4b7d-b81f-77b6baf6d0f5 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval SearchQA: A New Q&A Dataset Augmented with Context from a Search Engine
Reference 34
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4875d727-ac71-469c-9eb9-c170399e73ab · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Improving retrieval of short texts through document expansion
Reference 35
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1b6524e5-cae3-498b-bf68-a73133167e11 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval The Divergence of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms with Value-Iteration and Function Approximation
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 8d9cd599-7022-4b04-b5ea-4ab12875a4d6 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Hierarchical Neural Story Generation
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 282378a0-91a3-4701-a316-5ae18726f172 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Boosting a weak learning algorithm by majority.Information and computation, 121(2):256–285, 1995
Reference 38
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0b342af0-53e9-469e-9531-6976a8a3c882 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval A deep relevance matching model for ad-hoc retrieval
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8b3992c9-fb22-4594-b660-695cf09a1d92 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval An analytical comparison of approaches to personalizing pagerank
Reference 40
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fea4b86a-d877-47cd-baf8-24625dc5508c · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Topic-sensitive pagerank
Reference 41
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 03023f03-2d99-4b46-a377-826404939eee · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network
Reference 42
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation acdc30a0-75ee-41ec-b0be-c806da376b7b · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Long short-term memory.Neural computation, 9(8):1735–1780, 1997
Reference 43
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c2666188-6239-4252-ba4b-9b58e7abdb0e · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Analyzing and evaluating query reformu- lation strategies in web search logs
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d9ed6eb5-63c2-4ca6-bd4f-df657bb9f0c3 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Co-pacrr: A context-aware neural ir model for ad-hoc retrieval
Reference 45
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 219d1749-812f-4c51-b6e2-9f5881de6475 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Adaptive mixtures of local experts.Neural computation, 3(1):79–87, 1991
Reference 46
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f31348fe-382e-4106-be19-75568131f2d0 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Scaling personalized web search
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c202274b-0442-468e-9b4a-a5d762b135f7 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Hierarchical mixtures of experts and the em algorithm.Neural computation, 6(2):181–214, 1994
Reference 48
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8dafc9ab-e0bf-4b99-803c-33a0e4904fb0 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension
Reference 49
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 45ffe0ec-f07c-47d7-a13f-c670f4a38737 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Reinforcement learning: A survey.Journal of artificial intelligence research, 4:237–285, 1996
Reference 50
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b4ca7aba-85da-4997-96f9-bbe5e6de2c73 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Exploiting the block structure of the web for computing pagerank
Reference 51
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c1af3fb6-7f7f-45bc-ab76-4b9badc58be2 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification
Reference 52
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation af9fb0c5-2671-479d-9165-2904f29cacd0 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Reference 53
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 54710267-4137-4f4a-9146-a84aa9a6b0c0 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Unresolved cited work
Reference 54
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a54689f6-b3c0-4f71-8034-f114d64d4102 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4412f674-6bc8-492c-9e3c-a75e74cdafb0 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Query expansion using word embeddings
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0ae06e3c-fd02-4495-bd16-ac2ebd0a8f42 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Toutanova, Llion Jones, Ming-Wei Chang, Andrew Dai, Jakob Uszkoreit, Quoc Le, and Slav Petrov
Reference 57
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4e13cdc9-2ab8-4442-9d69-6b24b9eb5065 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Introduction to information retrieval.Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(4):852–853, 2010
Reference 58
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 38357af1-8a57-4235-9d5f-c26d63d95902 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Relevance based language models
Reference 59
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b8711c68-b4c1-404c-b196-7366bf5b07b8 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval The neural hype and comparisons against weak baselines
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation fbc4f0d3-3516-4ad7-b817-a3a85d2b9866 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Reinforcement learning for robots using neural networks
Reference 61
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0ce2010a-b42e-48e0-9a47-e44b61839a0a · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Contextualized pacrr for complex answer retrieval
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation d9adb088-3db8-4cbe-8968-a83f0a262e06 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Focused crawling for structured data
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation f0e8bf53-1c0b-4877-bb48-5851210f176e · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b4f264d5-afdd-480e-a695-2d5f688e2735 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Wordnet: a lexical database for english.Communications of the ACM, 38(11):39–41, 1995
Reference 65
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0410bd9d-13c6-4638-bb56-a389708ae0c7 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval An introduction to neural information retrieval
Reference 66
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation afaa1443-88e7-4ca9-83aa-a9aad9ae7db5 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval An Updated Duet Model for Passage Re-ranking
Reference 67
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 81a7b2ba-d12a-4d58-9136-7f62c1a8055c · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Learning to match using local and distributed representations of text for web search
Reference 68
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 36eaac62-e5ff-4175-a34b-fdb26d7a7237 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning
Reference 69
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 46bcc095-326d-4b12-ba46-bc361d501cf2 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning
Reference 70
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 1cc3a0bc-f440-4545-b14a-92f1f40144d0 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Prioritized sweeping: Reinforce- ment learning with less data and less time.Machine Learning, 13(1):103–130, 1993
Reference 71
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 7c9f45c8-9249-4d3e-be47-b444a22e1084 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Rectified linear units improve restricted boltzmann machines
Reference 72
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d00a3955-d138-4fe7-8762-268021c700f0 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Language Understanding for Text-based Games Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Reference 73
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5e364e22-3f17-49b5-8275-2d8f995ddd68 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Improving Information Extraction by Acquiring External Evidence with Reinforcement Learning
Reference 74
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3dfd8bf9-7a36-4e51-bc57-c54d8a7980ec · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset
Reference 75
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ae006422-6f26-45ed-9c4b-817a8ffcb274 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval End-to-end goal-driven web navigation
Reference 76
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 1671a151-107b-4eed-9f1a-09c3587c4c7e · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Task-Oriented Query Reformulation with Reinforcement Learning
Reference 77
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a591856b-a6ff-40cc-8228-be0f37798209 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Wallace, Maarten Rijke, and Matthew Lease
Reference 78
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation d3f9b5bf-675d-4922-b230-c295ac0700fb · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Deep exploration via bootstrapped dqn
Reference 79
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation b9a5e54c-159b-44fb-9d8f-ea4d4fea4352 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval The pagerank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web
Reference 80
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b1149c73-b0f6-4b43-b92d-1bb38f4d7df7 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Reverted indexing for feedback and expansion
Reference 81
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation c2818fce-3d2a-4163-a50f-3bffd199d1eb · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Adaptive step-size for policy gradient methods
Reference 82
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation c339479c-5d87-4c29-b5f2-9795576dabf5 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text
Reference 83
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ab3b407a-6ee1-4375-9ba2-3e7e1f99877b · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Using reinforcement learning to spider the web efficiently
Reference 84
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation d950c8fc-0321-4c21-ab14-1ff84622073e · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Okapi at trec-3.Nist Special Publication Sp, 109:109, 1995
Reference 85
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 897ccec9-cf52-4ea8-a4cb-77bfe00c14da · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Relevance feedback in information retrieval
Reference 86
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 2adcfda8-dd31-48e8-9c0d-aafae256791f · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Efficient reductions for imitation learning
Reference 87
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 465dc140-124f-440e-b995-1bf688daa884 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Using Word Embeddings for Automatic Query Expansion
Reference 88
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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 96614d39-e39d-45cf-bc33-79bd3064f1ec · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Learning representa- tions by back-propagating errors.Nature, pages 323–533, 1986
Reference 89
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 04e61134-d387-4297-9ee8-4103a87c71d8 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Learning representations by back-propagating errors.Cognitive modeling, 5(3):1, 1988
Reference 90
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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 4c70ebf8-830a-4286-b50c-5c746dd68548 · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Policy Distillation
Reference 91
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Observation c608b07d-9154-4eda-a587-3f8fd82edfba · outbound
Learning Representations and Agents for Information Retrieval Winner’s curse? on pace, progress, and empirical rigor
Reference 92
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