Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 27 of 27 outbound references and 8 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.12682.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.12682 v2

Coverage vector

measured 27 of 27 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.175285Z

measured 35 of 35 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 8 of 8 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T04:17:43.136137Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T01:56:28.012403Z

Reference resolution

27 of 27 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy6
unresolved19
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e1f5e21f-bd3b-4026-86a8-f59fdc0008e4 · outbound

This paper cites Christ, M., Gunn, S., and Zamir, O.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Christ, M., Gunn, S., and Zamir, O

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.715634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1cf467f9-4b2f-40e8-828b-d01507b79f8b · outbound

This paper cites Conover, M., Hayes, M., Mathur, A., Xie, J., Wan, J., Shah, S., Ghodsi, A., Wendell, P., Zaharia, M., and Xin, R.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Conover, M., Hayes, M., Mathur, A., Xie, J., Wan, J., Shah, S., Ghodsi, A., Wendell, P., Zaharia, M., and Xin, R

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.700314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0c038e63-6eee-4934-b1cd-9cf09c9e73ec · outbound

This paper cites Gabel, M., Yang, J., Yu, Y ., Goldszmidt, M., and Su, Z.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Gabel, M., Yang, J., Yu, Y ., Goldszmidt, M., and Su, Z

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.682593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a25cf119-dcb7-4063-9af0-872377d0effe · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.081305Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64706732-5678-4102-bd1c-600afc8218a9 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Mistral 7B

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.086204Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3a8e086b-b42a-4820-8be8-c103188dbc51 · outbound

This paper cites ProFLingo: A Fingerprinting-based Intellectual Property Protection Scheme for Large Language Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints ProFLingo: A Fingerprinting-based Intellectual Property Protection Scheme for Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.091287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8c9662e6-de31-4be0-972e-476c55740723 · outbound

This paper cites A Watermark for Large Language Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints A Watermark for Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.096324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 912a48ac-7317-4a67-976a-b5ae4310b709 · outbound

This paper cites Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.102047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d9a1e972-8ef3-45b3-8b50-60762b7292ef · outbound

This paper cites OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignment.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignment

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.113232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe0078d8-91b9-446b-bd12-bd547d066f57 · outbound

This paper cites Fight Back Against Jailbreaking via Prompt Adversarial Tuning.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Fight Back Against Jailbreaking via Prompt Adversarial Tuning

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.118056Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2bb27e64-d04f-400b-96d3-9150eeb2b2d2 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.128362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 26f6bfdb-0907-4a64-8a59-21006f89fd04 · outbound

This paper cites W., Xiao, C., and Chen, M.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints W., Xiao, C., and Chen, M

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.667781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d3724f2d-9880-42e1-9f71-17aacac43a46 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.180.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints doi: 10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.180

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.138032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6473cfdd-c16c-405d-a935-e6f3a5254e49 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.431.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints doi: 10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.431

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.212868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 41a03fc6-c4f5-4cf5-9848-9fdd2bde1b22 · outbound

This paper cites Watermarking Text Generated by Black-Box Language Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Watermarking Text Generated by Black-Box Language Models

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.147712Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e42dc95e-4e3f-409b-89c4-d05755fa77fb · outbound

This paper cites doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100211.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100211

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.152748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 800da1b6-b7d4-42af-b67c-0b1732d8b75c · outbound

This paper cites HuRef: HUman-REadable Fingerprint for Large Language Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints HuRef: HUman-REadable Fingerprint for Large Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.157393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ba499824-d869-40fc-b2f3-f6b9de47a97c · outbound

This paper cites Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.162127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a1ed6883-f017-4fd0-bbf4-92058ad6484e · outbound

This paper cites This fingerprint has precedence over any fingerprint constructed by our method post-training, and thus the attacker is established as the model owner.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints This fingerprint has precedence over any fingerprint constructed by our method post-training, and thus the attacker is established as the model owner

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.652078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 431128bb-ef41-4421-835e-29cc567c4f15 · outbound

This paper cites normal" or.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints normal" or

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.635783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3e11b481-9b37-4a31-9702-26899ee6f5e4 · outbound

This paper cites TheBasicmeans we only use the basic prompt.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints TheBasicmeans we only use the basic prompt

Reference 27

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.621258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 96499386-6614-4329-99d5-93b4ab3ad810 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.1145/1932682.1869475.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints doi: 10.1145/1932682.1869475

Reference 2010

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.076544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 221a1c26-4630-4d95-a5a8-497416e1663f · outbound

This paper cites Weight Poisoning Attacks on Pre-trained Models.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Weight Poisoning Attacks on Pre-trained Models

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.107767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 605c56f9-6872-4221-aabe-341cee408676 · outbound

This paper cites Trex: Learning Execution Semantics from Micro-Traces for Binary Similarity.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Trex: Learning Execution Semantics from Micro-Traces for Binary Similarity

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.123619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c829b1e0-540c-44b6-9072-4846b51fc11e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Unresolved cited work

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.729966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c10adcd0-bec5-4f18-bbfc-0cd3c6d15bed · outbound

This paper cites Detecting Language Model Attacks with Perplexity.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints Detecting Language Model Attacks with Perplexity

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.052410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1bb33f94-0a7c-45da-b46a-6c6ecbd32751 · outbound

This paper cites doi: 10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.568.

RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints doi: 10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.568

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:34:45.057534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 1562f6bd-9a99-4358-bfae-8dbd74d9bd6f · inbound

Copyright Protection for Large Language Models: A Survey of Methods, Challenges, and Trends cites this paper.

Copyright Protection for Large Language Models: A Survey of Methods, Challenges, and Trends RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 142

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-15T00:21:11.873952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0379e60a-d0b4-44ab-82de-9d6e0974c43a · inbound

LLM DNA: Tracing Model Evolution via Functional Representations cites this paper.

LLM DNA: Tracing Model Evolution via Functional Representations RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-15T00:21:11.873952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c714ec83-55ae-4160-afc9-d86527a7b76c · inbound

SeedPrints: Fingerprints Can Even Tell Which Seed Your Large Language Model Was Trained From cites this paper.

SeedPrints: Fingerprints Can Even Tell Which Seed Your Large Language Model Was Trained From RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-15T00:21:11.873952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation cb936669-debd-4fb8-91a3-211d5757bdaa · inbound

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing cites this paper.

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-15T00:21:11.873952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 188cb503-a84c-4388-a164-0c69c749bb2f · inbound

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing cites this paper.

KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T12:56:24.184653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 38d0e143-558c-4741-9191-f41cfba3593c · inbound

FLIPS: Instance-Fingerprinting for LLMs via Pseudo-random Sequences cites this paper.

FLIPS: Instance-Fingerprinting for LLMs via Pseudo-random Sequences RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-15T00:21:11.873952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0651dfed-3779-4a91-bf78-a80cf2fb1130 · inbound

Stemma: Induced Decision Regions Reveal LLM Provenance cites this paper.

Stemma: Induced Decision Regions Reveal LLM Provenance RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T01:17:05.757094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f7516c1d-44f6-4f93-8e3c-ab1d39e3d960 · inbound

Who Built This Model? Tracing LLM Lineage via Spectral Fingerprints in Weight Space cites this paper.

Who Built This Model? Tracing LLM Lineage via Spectral Fingerprints in Weight Space RAFP: Identifying LLM Lineages via Rare-Region Fingerprints

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T04:17:43.136137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.