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Exponential separations for one-way quantum communication complexity, with applications to cryptography

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arxiv quant-ph/0611209 v3 pith:XARRUKOD submitted 2006-11-20 quant-ph

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keywords quantumadversariesclassicalcommunicationexponentialgiveproblemseparation
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We give an exponential separation between one-way quantum and classical communication protocols for a partial Boolean function (a variant of the Boolean Hidden Matching Problem of Bar-Yossef et al.) Earlier such an exponential separation was known only for a relational problem. The communication problem corresponds to a \emph{strong extractor} that fails against a small amount of \emph{quantum} information about its random source. Our proof uses the Fourier coefficients inequality of Kahn, Kalai, and Linial. We also give a number of applications of this separation. In particular, we show that there are privacy amplification schemes that are secure against classical adversaries but not against quantum adversaries; and we give the first example of a key-expansion scheme in the model of bounded-storage cryptography that is secure against classical memory-bounded adversaries but not against quantum ones.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

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  1. Quantum Communication Lower Bounds for Search Problems via Matrix Discrepancy

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.5 of 10

    A matrix-discrepancy argument proves tight one-way quantum lower bounds for collision finding (Ω(N^{1/4})) and for streaming triangle finding (Ω(√Δ_V)) where Boolean-Hidden-Matching reductions fail.

  2. Exponential Advantage of Multipartite Entanglement over Quantum Communication with Applications to Bounded-Storage Cryptography

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    GHZ entanglement gives an exponential classical-communication advantage over unassisted quantum communication for multipartite Hidden Matching, and separates entangled from unentangled quantum side-information for a t...

  3. A lower bound on the classical simulation cost of star-network correlations

    quant-ph 2026-08 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    A star-network exclusion game is won perfectly with quantum d-level messages, but classically needs a message of at least n^{d-1} symbols, so no fixed-size classical qubit description can simulate joint measurements o...

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