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Oddballness: universal anomaly detection with language models

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arxiv 2409.03046 v1 pith:XGI6TVYB submitted 2024-09-04 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords languageoddballnessdetectionanomalyconsiderslow-likelihoodmethodmodel
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We present a new method to detect anomalies in texts (in general: in sequences of any data), using language models, in a totally unsupervised manner. The method considers probabilities (likelihoods) generated by a language model, but instead of focusing on low-likelihood tokens, it considers a new metric introduced in this paper: oddballness. Oddballness measures how ``strange'' a given token is according to the language model. We demonstrate in grammatical error detection tasks (a specific case of text anomaly detection) that oddballness is better than just considering low-likelihood events, if a totally unsupervised setup is assumed.

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Cited by 1 Pith paper

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  1. Detecting Spelling and Grammatical Anomalies in Russian Poetry Texts

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new Russian poetry dataset and benchmark show that supervised classifiers trained on synthetic distortions detect grammatical defects (F0.5=0.86) while unsupervised and zero-shot methods perform near random.

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