Long Distance Continuous Methane Emissions Monitoring with Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy: deployment and blind testing in complex emissions scenarios

Continuous monitoring of oil and gas infrastructure is of interest for improving emissions and safety by enabling rapid identification and repair of emission sources, especially large sources that are responsible for the bulk of total emissions. We have previously demonstrated dual frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) coupled with atmospheric modeling and inversion techniques (the DCS Observing System) as a viable and accurate approach for detection, attribution and quantification of methane emissions at distances of more than 1 km under controlled, steady emissions scenarios. Here, we present the results of validation testing designed to mimic the complexity of operational well pad emissions from oil and gas production, and the first field measurements at an active oil and gas facility. The validation tests are performed single-blind (the measurement and data analysis team are not given information about the emissions) at the Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center (METEC) test facility. They consist of a series of scenarios ranging from a single, steady-rate emission point to multiple emission points that include intermittent releases (the METEC "R2" tests). Additionally, we present field measurements at an active natural gas storage facility demonstrating that the system can remotely and autonomously monitor methane emissions in a true industrial setting. This field verification is in a configuration designed for continuous and long-term characterization of operational and fugitive emissions. These demonstrations confirm that the DCS Observing System can provide high-confidence continuous monitoring of emissions from complex, operational facilities among natural gas infrastructure.