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Optical Appearance of the Debris of a Star Disrupted by a Massive Black Hole

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arxiv astro-ph/9703079 v1 pith:XX7M2JYB submitted 1997-03-12 astro-ph

Abraham Loeb (Harvard) , Andrew Ulmer (Princeton) This is my paper
classification astro-ph
keywords blackholeenvelopeeddingtongalaxieslimitmassmassive
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We show that the disruption of a star by a 10^6 solar mass black hole in a galactic nucleus could under favorable circumstances produce an optically-thick envelope that radiates with a thermal spectrum at the Eddington limit, 10^{44} erg/s, for tens of years. The low apparent temperature of this envelope, 10^4 K, would be easily detectable in optical surveys. If most galaxies harbor a massive black hole at their center, then the Sloan Digital Sky Survey might find hundreds of galaxies with nuclear activity of this type. Because the envelope is driven to shine near the Eddington limit, a measurement of the source redshift and total luminosity could yield the black hole mass.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. TDEs on FIRE: Illuminating the Cosmic Evolution of Tidal Disruption Rates

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    FIRE-2 simulations show per-galaxy tidal disruption rates peak near z=2.5 at 4e-4 per year, correlate with SFR and central density, and remain high in satellite galaxies at early times.

  2. Little Red Dots as Hidden Neutrino Sources

    astro-ph.HE 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Little Red Dots can contribute ~30% of the diffuse neutrino background at TeV-sub-PeV energies through photomeson production in black hole envelopes, with modified flavor ratios at higher energies.

  3. Are most detected tidal disruption events partial?

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    SPH simulations of zero-energy partial TDEs find fallback ~t^{-9/4}, optical luminosities 10^{42-44} erg/s at 10^4 K and radii 10-100 au, indicating many detected TDEs may be partial rather than full.

  4. Bolometric correction factor and radiative efficiency for the super-Eddington accretion flow in tidal disruption events

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Radiation hydro simulations produce black hole mass and viewing angle dependent bolometric correction factors (tens to thousands) and radiative efficiencies (0.001-0.1) for super-Eddington TDE flows that alleviate the...

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