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The Gluon Moment and Parton Distribution Function of the Pion from $N_f = 2 + 1 + 1$ Lattice QCD

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arxiv 2310.12034 v1 pith:XXVEGJW4 submitted 2023-10-18 hep-lat hep-ph

classification hep-lathep-ph
keywords piongluonlatticetexterrormomentcalculationcontinuum-physical
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

We present the first calculation of the pion gluon moment from lattice QCD in the continuum-physical limit. The calculation is done using clover fermions for the valence action with three pion masses, 220, 310 and 690 MeV, and three lattice spacings, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.15 fm, using ensembles generated by MILC Collaboration with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ). On the lattice, we nonperturbatively renormalize the gluon operator in RI/MOM scheme using the cluster-decomposition error reduction (CDER) technique to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the renormalization constant. We extrapolate the pion gluon moment to the continuum-physical limit and obtain $0.364(38)_{\text{stat}+\text{NPR}}(36)_\text{mixing}$ in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV, with first error being the statistical error and uncertainties in nonperturbative renormalization, and the second being a systematic uncertainty estimating the effect of ignoring quark mixing. Our pion gluon momentum fraction has a central value lower than two recent single-ensemble lattice-QCD results near physical pion mass but is consistent with the recent global fits by JAM and xFitter and with most QCD-model estimates.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Pionic gluons from global QCD analysis of experimental and lattice data

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A global fit of pion parton distributions including lattice gluon data reduces uncertainties on the high-x gluon PDF and indicates a gluon enhancement in the pion over the proton.

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  3. Unpolarized gluon PDF of the nucleon from lattice QCD at physical point in the continuum limit

    hep-lat 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A lattice QCD extraction of the nucleon gluon PDF using three lattice spacings, hybrid renormalization and NLO matching, extrapolated to the continuum and infinite-momentum limits, agrees with global fits while remain...

  4. First simultaneous global QCD analysis of kaon and pion parton distributions with lattice QCD constraints

    hep-ph 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    First simultaneous pion+kaon PDF fit with lattice constraints finds kaon valence anti-up softer than pion's and strange valence more peaked at high x.

  5. Decoding the proton's gluonic density with lattice QCD-informed machine learning

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A variational autoencoder inverse mapper extracts the proton's gluon PDF from lattice QCD pseudo-Ioffe-time distributions, yielding results consistent with global fits.

  6. Mapping Parton Distributions of Hadrons with Lattice QCD

    hep-lat 2025-06 accept

    A review of lattice QCD methods and results for x-dependent parton distribution functions and generalized parton distributions of hadrons.

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