Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 6 minor 2 cited by

Precovery Observations of 3I/ATLAS from TESS Suggests Possible Distant Activity

T0 review · 3 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-06 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read TESS precovery data suggest 3I/ATLAS was active at 6 au, months before it was discovered, with brightening that cannot be explained by distance geometry alone.

desk verdict Solid TESS precovery detection of 3I/ATLAS; the distant-activity claim is plausible and honestly hedged, but the second-epoch differential in a crowded field is the weak link. read the letter →

arxiv 2507.21967 v3 pith:YS7CZJT7 submitted 2025-07-29 astro-ph.EP astro-ph.GA

Adina D. Feinstein , John W. Noonan , Darryl Z. Seligman This is my paper
classification astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
keywords interstellarobjects3I/ATLASTESSprecoveryphotometryshift-stackingcometaryactivityhypervolatilesabsolutemagnitude
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

3I/ATLAS, the third interstellar object found crossing the Solar System, was caught on camera two months before it was discovered: TESS full-frame images from May to June 2025 show the object in two deep-stacked epochs. The paper argues that the object brightened between those epochs by about 1.55 magnitudes, roughly three times more than the changing Sun and observer distances can explain, and that its absolute brightness was higher than the limit set for a bare nucleus by HST. Taken together, this suggests 3I/ATLAS was already shedding material at heliocentric distances near 6 au, months before perihelion. If true, the activity cannot be powered by ordinary water-ice sublimation and points to more volatile ices such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The same images yield a 20-day light curve, but no statistically convincing rotation period.

What carries the argument

The machinery is the shift-stack precovery pipeline: predict 3I/ATLAS's pixel position in each TESS full-frame image from its known orbit, cut out a small postcard around that position, and sum thousands of cutouts into one deep image per detector. A data-driven smoothing filter removes slowly varying background structure before stacking, and contaminated frames are rejected. A 3x3-pixel aperture on the median stack supplies the flux, which is converted to a TESS magnitude with a fixed zeropoint and then to a visual absolute magnitude through the relation V = Tmag + 0.8 and the standard distance normalization. The pipeline is validated by recovering the main-belt asteroid 896 Sphinx and its known rotation period.

What would settle it

A direct test is to obtain archival V-band (or g- and r-band) photometry of 3I/ATLAS from May-June 2025: if those measurements place it about one magnitude fainter than the TESS-derived H_V, the apparent excess over the HST nucleus limit disappears and the distant-activity argument fails. A confirming result would be a resolved coma or dust production signature in deep precovery images from that same window.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Using a shift-stack technique on nearly ten thousand TESS frames, the authors recover 3I/ATLAS at 19 sigma on one detector and 11 sigma on another, measuring TESS magnitudes of 20.83 +/- 0.05 and 19.28 +/- 0.05. Converted to absolute visual magnitudes, these give H_V = 13.72 +/- 0.35 and 12.52 +/- 0.35, both of which are brighter than the H > 15.4 nucleus limit from HST. The observed brightening of 1.55 mag between the two epochs is about 1.1 mag larger than the roughly 0.4 mag expected from geometry alone, and the excess is interpreted as cometary activity rather than a bare, rotating nucleus. The paper explicitly notes the activity inference is tentative: the color-based magnitude conversion carries a +/- 0.3 mag uncertainty, and the 3-sigma errors allow the object to have been about a magnitude fainter in the first epoch. Its conclusion is that the data are consistent with weak pre-discovery activity, likely driven by hypervolatiles.

Load-bearing premise

Because the paper itself concedes the color conversion allows the first-epoch brightness to be about 1 mag fainter, the claim that 3I/ATLAS was active at 6 au stands on the assumption that the object's color matches the cometary average used to convert TESS magnitudes to V.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The light curve of 3I/ATLAS now extends back to May 2025, roughly two months before discovery, at heliocentric distances of 5.5 to 6.4 au.
  • If the activity is real, water-ice sublimation is ruled out as the driver at these distances, and CO, CO2, or another hypervolatile must be responsible.
  • The brightening between the two TESS epochs indicates activity increasing as the object approached the Sun and warmed.
  • The 16-hour rotation-period candidate reported elsewhere is not confirmed; the TESS light curves are dominated by systematics that also appear in background pixels.
  • These precovery magnitudes are consistent with the brighter end of the July 2025 photometry, supporting a gradual activity evolution rather than a sudden outburst.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • (Editorial) The same shift-stack treatment of other TESS ecliptic-sector data could yield precovery detections of future interstellar objects, since TESS is now observing the ecliptic plane.
  • (Editorial) A multi-filter precovery campaign, even a single simultaneous V-band point, would directly test the color assumption that anchors the H_V values and turn a tentative signal into a firm one.
  • (Editorial) If distant activity is confirmed, the interstellar-object population may be routinely volatile-rich at large heliocentric distances, which would affect models of planetesimal formation in other systems.
  • (Editorial) A natural follow-up is to search for nongravitational acceleration in 3I/ATLAS's orbit; activity at 6 au, if real, should leave a measurable dynamical signature.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 6 minor

Summary. This paper reports precovery photometry of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS in TESS Sector 92 full-frame images. Using a shift-and-stack algorithm on roughly 9,800 calibrated FFIs, the authors detect the object on two camera/CCD combinations at 19 sigma and 11 sigma, with TESS magnitudes Tmag = 20.83 ± 0.05 and 19.28 ± 0.05. Applying the TESS-to-V color relation of Farnham et al. (2021) and an n = 2 distance normalization, they derive absolute visual magnitudes HV = 13.72 ± 0.35 and 12.52 ± 0.35, which are brighter than the HST nucleus limit H > 15.4. The 1.55 mag brightening between the two epochs exceeds the geometric factor of about 1.5 expected from the changing Sun and observer distances, leading the authors to suggest possible activity at heliocentric distances near 6 au. The paper also extracts a 20-day light curve and finds no statistically significant rotation period. The pipeline is validated by recovering the known 21.04-hour rotation period of minor planet 896 Sphinx.

Significance. If the activity inference holds, these are the earliest precovery observations of 3I/ATLAS and would indicate volatile activity at about 6 au, which is important for understanding hypervolatile-driven mass loss in interstellar objects. The paper's strengths are its public data and code, the validation against 896 Sphinx, and the explicit null result for rotation. However, the activity claim is a differential measurement across two different detectors, and it depends on external color and zeropoint calibrations whose uncertainties the authors themselves acknowledge in Section 4. The result is therefore a tentative suggestion rather than a secure detection of distant activity, and the central claim needs to be hardened or softened accordingly.

major comments (3)
  1. [§3.1, Eq. (1), Table 1] The central activity claim rests on the 1.55 mag brightening between the Camera 2 CCD 3 and Camera 1 CCD 2 deep stacks, but this is a cross-detector differential measured with a single global TESS zeropoint (Eq. 1) and an adopted error of only 0.05 mag. The manuscript states that it is standard practice not to recalculate the zeropoint, but it does not bound the expected zeropoint variation across cameras and CCDs in Sector 92. Because the activity evidence is concentrated in the Camera 1 CCD 2 epoch, an inter-detector zeropoint offset of only a few tenths of a magnitude would erase the anomaly. Please calibrate the relative zeropoint using field stars common to both detectors, or demonstrate from similar TESS data that the cross-detector zeropoint dispersion is smaller than about 0.1 mag, and propagate this into the reported magnitudes.
  2. [§2.2, §2.5, Fig. 5] The Camera 1 CCD 2 deep stack has a central-pixel flux of 0.589 ± 0.016 e−1 s−1 and a background scatter of 0.141 ± 0.039 e−1 s−1, while the 3×3 aperture flux is 2.904 ± 0.016 e−1 s−1. The crowding filter in Section 2.2 only removes frames where more than half of the pixels in an 11×11 box are flagged as >2σ outliers; it does not ensure that the specific 3×3 aperture is free of unresolved stellar flux. In a field this crowded, undetected neighbours could contribute a substantial fraction of the 3×3 flux, biasing Tmag bright and mimicking activity. Please quantify this by comparing apertures of different sizes, fitting a PSF, or performing the same stacking on nearby off-source positions with the same filter, and report the resulting contamination correction.
  3. [§3.1, §3.3 (Eq. 2), §4] The statement in Section 3.1 that the observations are 'statistically inconsistent with an asteroid-like reflectance model' is based only on the 0.05 mag photometric errors. It does not include the ±0.3 mag uncertainty in V = Tmag + 0.8 (Eq. 2), nor the cross-detector and crowding systematics discussed above. The authors themselves note in Section 4 that the 3σ color uncertainty permits the object to be about 1 mag fainter, which would substantially reduce the inferred brightness anomaly. The inconsistency claim should be rephrased as tentative, and the HV values should be reported with a full systematic budget (color, zeropoint, crowding) rather than the current 0.35 mag uncertainty, which appears to be dominated by the color term alone.
minor comments (6)
  1. [§3.1] The arithmetic of the claimed flux excess is inconsistent: the expected Tmag of about 20.5 versus the observed 19.28 differs by 1.22 mag, which is a flux ratio of about 3, not the 'factor of 5' stated in the text.
  2. [Abstract and Table 1] The abstract says 'average TESS magnitude' but reports two separate epoch values; this phrasing should be changed to avoid implying a single averaged measurement.
  3. [§2.1, §2.2] The removal of contaminated FFIs is described as by-eye identification, and the crowding threshold and Savitzky-Golay window length are chosen by visual inspection; a reproducibility statement or machine-readable list of excluded frames would strengthen the analysis.
  4. [§3.2] The conclusion that there is no statistically significant rotation period would be more informative with an upper limit on the allowed light-curve amplitude, rather than only a null periodogram comparison.
  5. [Fig. 9] The caption for Figure 9 should clarify that the lower time axis applies to 3I/ATLAS and not to 2I/Borisov; the current wording is confusing.
  6. [Throughout] There are several minor typographical and grammatical issues, including 'The top axes represents' in the Fig. 9 caption and an orphaned '/gtb' markup artifact in Section 1.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 2.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the TESS detection and distant-activity inference are derived from the FFI data using external calibrations and an explicit inactive-body null model, not from a fitted or self-defined quantity.

full rationale

I walked the derivation chain from FFI photometry to Tmag (Eq. 1), V (Eq. 2), HV (Eq. 3), and the activity inference. Eq. 1 is a stated instrumental zeropoint calibration with an adopted 0.05 mag error; Eq. 2 is an external color relation from Farnham et al. (2021) carrying a stated ±0.3 mag uncertainty; Eq. 3 with n = 2 is the standard inactive-body distance normalization, used as a null hypothesis rather than as a fitted parameter. The activity claim is the residual between the observed second-epoch brightness and the geometric factor-of-1.5 expectation; no constant is fitted to the target photometry and then renamed a prediction. The detection is independently validated by recovery of 896 Sphinx against a literature rotation period, and the deep-stack significances (19σ and 11σ) are propagated from the calibrated FFI errors. The HST nucleus limit is external (Jewitt et al. 2025). The only author-overlapping citation, Seligman et al. (2025) for ZTF precovery photometry, is used for context and secular light-curve comparison rather than to establish the TESS detection or the activity residual; agreement with Martinez-Palomera et al. (2025) provides an independent cross-check. The acknowledged color uncertainty weakens the activity conclusion by permitting a ~1 mag fainter first epoch, but that is an accuracy and robustness limitation, not a circular reduction. I therefore find no step in which the paper's output is equivalent by construction to its input.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 6 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard photometric calibrations and data-reduction choices rather than new physical entities. The main fragilities are the color-based magnitude conversion, the single-zeropoint comparison of two camera fields, and the hand-tuned background model.

free parameters (4)
  • Savitsky-Golay window length = 307 pixels
    Chosen from a grid of 31-901 pixels to best remove TESS orbital ramps while preserving the target signal (Section 2.1, Figure 10). It affects all derived fluxes and magnitudes.
  • Crowding rejection threshold = 2σ, >50% of 11x11 pixels
    Frames are flagged as crowded when over half the pixels in an 11x11 box are >2σ outliers (Section 2.2). This selection determines which frames enter the deep stacks.
  • Photometric aperture = 3x3 pixels
    Chosen after testing apertures from single pixel to 3x3 (Appendix B); it sets the extracted counts used for Tmag and the light curve.
  • Activity index n = 2
    Assumed n=2 (inactive body) in the HV conversion (Equation 3); a larger n would change the absolute HV values, although the relative brightening between epochs is less sensitive.
assumptions (6)
  • domain assumption The Farnham et al. (2021) relation V = Tmag + 0.8 applies to 3I/ATLAS
    Used to convert TESS to visual magnitudes (Equation 2); assumes typical comet colors with ±0.3 mag uncertainty, the dominant systematic in HV.
  • domain assumption The TESS zeropoint of 20.44 is identical for both camera/CCD configurations
    Equation 1 applies a single zeropoint; the paper notes it may vary slightly between cameras and CCDs but follows standard practice not to recalculate (Section 3.1).
  • domain assumption The JPL Horizons ephemeris for 3I/ATLAS is accurate over the May-June 2025 window
    The shift-stack aligns frames using Horizons positions (Section 2.3); an ephemeris error would smear the stack and bias the photometry.
  • domain assumption The background varies smoothly at the scale of the Savitsky-Golay window (307 px)
    The chosen filter removes background without removing the point-source signal; this is tested against other window lengths in Figure 10 but is a modeling choice.
  • domain assumption 3I/ATLAS is effectively point-like at the TESS pixel scale
    The 3x3 aperture and PRF assumptions in Appendix B treat the source as a point; a coma extended beyond a pixel would violate the aperture correction.
  • domain assumption The HST-derived nucleus limit (R < 2.8 km, H > 15.4) from Jewitt et al. (2025) is correct
    The activity interpretation compares the measured HV to this external limit; an error in the limit would change the coma versus bare-nucleus conclusion.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Precovery Observations of 3I/ATLAS from TESS Suggests Possible Distant Activity." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/YS7CZJT7

@misc{pith2026250721967,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Precovery Observations of 3I/ATLAS from TESS Suggests Possible Distant Activity},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/YS7CZJT7}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2507.21967}
}
abstract

3I/ATLAS is the third macroscopic interstellar object detected traversing the Solar System. Since its initial discovery on UT 01 July 2025, hundreds of hours on a range of observational facilities have been dedicated to measure the physical properties of this object. These observations have provided astrometry to refine the orbital solution, photometry to measure the color, a rotation period and secular light curve, and spectroscopy to characterize the composition of the coma. Here, we report precovery photometry of 3I/ATLAS as observed with NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). 3I/ATLAS was observed nearly continuously by TESS from UT 07 May 2025 to 02 June 2025. We use the shift-stack method to create deep stack images to recover the object. These composite images reveal that 3I/ATLAS has an average TESS magnitude of $T_\textrm{mag} = 20.83 \pm 0.05, 19.28 \pm 0.05$ and an absolute visual magnitude of $H_V = 13.72 \pm 0.35; 12.52 \pm 0.35$, the latter being consistent with magnitudes reported in July 2025. When coupled with recent HST images deriving a nucleus size of R$<$2.8 km (H$>$15.4), our measurements suggest that 3I/ATLAS may have been active out at $\sim 6$ au. Additionally, we extract a $\sim 20$ day light curve and find no statistically significant evidence of a nucleus rotation period. Nevertheless, the data presented here are some of the earliest precovery images of 3I/ATLAS and may be used in conjunction with future observations to constrain the properties of our third interstellar interloper.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2507.21967 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. The calibrated TESS FFIs. (a) An example exposure of a full FFI for Camera 2 CCD 3, left, and Camera 1 CCD 2, right. We highlight the region where 3I/ATLAS was observed on both detectors by the orange box. (b) A zoom-in of the field in Camera 2 CCD 3. We note that columns 0 − 44 are serial register columns and are not used in our analysis. (c) A zoom-in of the field in Camera 1 CCD 2. 3I/ATLAS enters a much more cro… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. The calibrated median counts per FFI when 3I/ATLAS is within the FOV. We highlight the strong or￾bital ramps, gaps, and systematics which were present in Sector 92. We choose to remove FFIs which demonstrated sharp variability and/or had unexpected gaps. These frames were visually identified and are highlighted in the bottom two subplots. FFIs not used in this analysis are highlighted in yellow. ‡ [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Examples of calibrated FFI cutouts that are included (a/c) and excluded (b/d) from our deepstack im￾age. The first and second row contains images from Cam￾era 2 CCD 3 and Camera 1 CCD 2 respectively. The red box highlights the region we search to remove crowded images. We take this interior cutout and run it through astropy.stats.sigma clip using σ = 2. We mark images as bad when over half of the pixels within this … view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (9 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Recovery of 896 Sphinx (A918 PE). We use this object (HV = 15) as a demonstration of our background subtraction and shift-stack technique. (a) The median back￾ground-subtracted deepstack image of the main belt minor planet 896 Sphinx. 896 Sphinx is highlights in the im…
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Deepstacked background-subtracted images of 3I/ATLAS in the TESS FFIs. We present two images per Camera/CCD pairing, labeled at the top of the columns. Panels a/b, c/d, and e/f are the median, mean, and summed stacked images, respectively. 3I/ATLAS is centered in each …
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Comparison of the Lomb-Scargle periodogram for 3I/ATLAS (orange) and a background pixels (yellow). We select a pixel in the same location across both images. We mark the recently hypothesized rotation period of 3I/ATLAS as a horizontal dotted line (R. de la Fuente Marc…
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Period [hours] 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Power 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Period [hours] 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_6.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Comparison of the Lomb-Scargle periodogram for 3I/ATLAS (black) and trailing/leading pixels (colored). The pixels and corresponding periodograms are marked in the same color. The top/bottom row is for the observations from Camera 2 CCD 3/Camera 1 CCD 2. There is a stro…
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Absolute visual magnitude, HV computed from TESS (orange) and ZTF observations of 3I/ATLAS (black) as compared to 2I/Borisov (gray). The median and 1σ standard deviations of the ZTF observations are plotted as dashed and dotted lines, respectively. The top axes represe…
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: An example of the various background fits to each pixel. Subplots (0-3) are representative of Camera 2 CCD 3; subplots (4-7) are representative of Camera 1 CCD 2. The extracted calibrated flux is shown in orange, the best-fit model overplotted in black, and the result…
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Testing different apertures to create the light curve of 3I/ATLAS from Camera 2 CCD 3. The first column is the median background-subtracted deepstack image (same as Figure 5a) with a contour overlay of the aperture we tested. We choose this selection of apertures base…
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_12.png]

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Near-Discovery Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility

    astro-ph.EP 2025-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    New observations of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS produce the first near-infrared spectrum, showing a red slope that turns neutral at longer wavelengths, no water ice absorption, and a model-dependent upper limit of <7%...

  2. The Kinematic Age of 3I/ATLAS and its Implications for Early Planet Formation

    astro-ph.EP 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    3I/ATLAS is likely an old, active comet about 2 km across, and its high speed implies it formed roughly 3 to 11 billion years ago around a low-metallicity star.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

103 extracted references · 10 canonical work pages · cited by 2 Pith papers

  1. [1]

    , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline

    ENTRY address archivePrefix author booktitle chapter doi edition editor eprint howpublished institution journal key month number organization pages publisher school series title misctitle type volume year version url label extra.label sort.label short.list INTEGERS output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block FUNCTION init.state.consts ...

  2. [2]

    write newline

    " write newline "" before.all 'output.state := FUNCTION format.url url empty "" new.block "" url * "" * if FUNCTION format.eprint eprint empty "" archivePrefix empty "" archivePrefix "arXiv" = new.block " " eprint * " " * new.block " " eprint * " " * if if if FUNCTION format.doi doi empty "" " " doi * " " * if FUNCTION format.pid doi empty eprint empty ur...

  3. [3]

    6 Sl[ u[@ `xa۟ mU n+ȷ0R

    thebibliography [1] 20pt to REFERENCES 6pt =0pt \@twocolumntrue 12pt -12pt 10pt plus 3pt =0pt =0pt =1pt plus 1pt =0pt =0pt -12pt =13pt plus 1pt =20pt =13pt plus 1pt \@M =10000 =-1.0em =0pt =0pt 0pt =0pt =1.0em @enumiv\@empty 10000 10000 `\.\@m \@noitemerr \@latex@warning Empty `thebibliography' environment \@ifnextchar \@reference \@latexerr Missing key o...

    arXiv 2017

  4. [4]

    R., Serra-Ricart , M., Licandro , J., et al

    Alarcon , M. R., Serra-Ricart , M., Licandro , J., et al. 2025, Deep g'-band Imaging of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS from the Two-meter Twin Telescope (TTT) ,, The Astronomer's Telegram, No. 17264 https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=17264

    2025

  5. [5]

    E., Shrestha , M., Bostroem , K

    Andrews , J. E., Shrestha , M., Bostroem , K. A., et al. 2025, title Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch , , 980, 37, 10.3847/1538-4357/ada555

    doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada555 2025

  6. [6]

    2021, title Activity of the first interstellar comet 2I/Borisov around perihelion: results from Indian observatories , , 502, 3491, 10.1093/mnras/stab084

    Aravind , K., Ganesh , S., Venkataramani , K., et al. 2021, title Activity of the first interstellar comet 2I/Borisov around perihelion: results from Indian observatories , , 502, 3491, 10.1093/mnras/stab084

    doi:10.1093/mnras/stab084 2021

  7. [7]

    P., Tollerud , E

    Astropy Collaboration , Robitaille , T. P., Tollerud , E. J., et al. 2013, title Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy , , 558, A33, 10.1051/0004-6361/201322068

    doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322068 2013

  8. [8]

    M., Sip o cz , B

    Astropy Collaboration , Price-Whelan , A. M., Sip o cz , B. M., et al. 2018, title The Astropy Project: Building an Open-science Project and Status of the v2.0 Core Package , , 156, 123, 10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f

    doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f 2018

Show all 103 references
  1. [9]

    M., Lim , P

    Astropy Collaboration , Price-Whelan , A. M., Lim , P. L., et al. 2022, title The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package , , 935, 167, 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74

    2022 doi

  2. [10]

    2021, title Unusual polarimetric properties for interstellar comet 2I/Borisov , Nature Communications, 12, 1797, 10.1038/s41467-021-22000-x

    Bagnulo , S., Cellino , A., Kolokolova , L., et al. 2021, title Unusual polarimetric properties for interstellar comet 2I/Borisov , Nature Communications, 12, 1797, 10.1038/s41467-021-22000-x

    2021 doi

  3. [11]

    T., Schwamb , M

    Bannister , M. T., Schwamb , M. E., Fraser , W. C., et al. 2017, title Col-OSSOS: Colors of the Interstellar Planetesimal 1I/ Oumuamua , ApJL, 851, L38, 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa07c

    2017 doi

  4. [12]

    T., Opitom , C., Fitzsimmons , A., et al

    Bannister , M. T., Opitom , C., Fitzsimmons , A., et al. 2020, title Interstellar comet 2I/Borisov as seen by MUSE: C _2 , NH _2 and red CN detections , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2001.11605. 2001.11605

    2020 arXiv

  5. [13]

    Belton , M. J. S., Hainaut , O. R., Meech , K. J., et al. 2018, title The Excited Spin State of 1I/2017 U1 Oumuamua , , 856, L21, 10.3847/2041-8213/aab370

    2018 doi

  6. [14]

    B., & Seligman , D

    Bergner , J. B., & Seligman , D. Z. 2023, title Acceleration of 1I/`Oumuamua from radiolytically produced H _ 2 in H _ 2 O ice , , 615, 610, 10.1038/s41586-022-05687-w

    2023 doi

  7. [15]

    W., Feldman , P

    Bodewits , D., Noonan , J. W., Feldman , P. D., et al. 2020, title The carbon monoxide-rich interstellar comet 2I/Borisov , Nature Astronomy, 4, 867, 10.1038/s41550-020-1095-2

    2020 doi

  8. [16]

    T., Sato , H., et al

    Borisov , G., Durig , D. T., Sato , H., et al. 2019, title Comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) , Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams, 4666, 1

    2019

  9. [17]

    2023, title Long Period Comets are Vehicles to the Past: The Systematic Analysis of 100+ Long Period Comets , in AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts, Vol

    Bufanda , E., Meech , K., Kleyna , J., Keane , J., & Hainaut , O. 2023, title Long Period Comets are Vehicles to the Past: The Systematic Analysis of 100+ Long Period Comets , in AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts, Vol. 55, AAS/Division for Planetary Science...

    2023

  10. [18]

    J., Levine , A., Fausnaugh , M., et al

    Burke , C. J., Levine , A., Fausnaugh , M., et al. 2020, TESS-Point: High precision TESS pointing tool ,, Astrophysics Source Code Library, record ascl:2003.001

    2020

  11. [19]

    O., Bernardinelli , P

    Chandler , C. O., Bernardinelli , P. H., Juri \'c , M., et al. 2025, title NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1) , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2507.13409, 10.48550/arXiv.2507.13409

    2025 doi arXiv

  12. [20]

    V., Ragozzine , D., Granvik , M., & Stephens , D

    Cook , N. V., Ragozzine , D., Granvik , M., & Stephens , D. C. 2016, title Realistic Detectability of Close Interstellar Comets , ApJ, 825, 51, 10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/51

    2016 doi

  13. [21]

    A., Milam , S

    Cordiner , M. A., Milam , S. N., Biver , N., et al. 2020, title Unusually high CO abundance of the first active interstellar comet , Nature Astronomy, 4, 861, 10.1038/s41550-020-1087-2

    2020 doi

  14. [22]

    2020, title Dust Environment Model of the Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov , , 893, L12, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab8455

    Cremonese , G., Fulle , M., Cambianica , P., et al. 2020, title Dust Environment Model of the Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov , , 893, L12, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab8455

    2020 doi

  15. [23]

    R., et al

    de la Fuente Marcos , R., Licandro , J., Alarcon , M. R., et al. 2025, title Assessing interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2507.12922. 2507.12922

    2025 arXiv

  16. [24]

    E., Bannister , M

    Deam , S. E., Bannister , M. T., Opitom , C., et al. 2025, title A portrait throughout perihelion of the NH _2 -rich interstellar comet 2I/Borisov , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2507.05051, 10.48550/arXiv.2507.05051

    2025 doi arXiv

  17. [25]

    2025, title 3I/ATLAS = C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) , MPEC

    Denneau , L., Siverd , R., Tonry , J., et al. 2025, title 3I/ATLAS = C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) , MPEC

    2025

  18. [26]

    C., Hopkins , M

    Dorsey , R. C., Hopkins , M. J., Bannister , M. T., et al. 2025, title The visibility of the \= O tautahi-Oxford interstellar object population model in LSST , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2502.16741, 10.48550/arXiv.2502.16741

    2025 doi arXiv

  19. [27]

    C., & Jewitt , D

    Drahus , M., Yang , B., Lis , D. C., & Jewitt , D. 2017, title New Limits to CO Outgassing in Centaurs , MNRAS, 468, 2897, 10.1093/mnras/stw2227

    2017 doi

  20. [28]

    2017, title An Observational Upper Limit on the Interstellar Number Density of Asteroids and Comets , Astronomical Journal, 153, 133, 10.3847/1538-3881/aa5c8a

    Engelhardt , T., Jedicke , R., Vere s , P., et al. 2017, title An Observational Upper Limit on the Interstellar Number Density of Asteroids and Comets , Astronomical Journal, 153, 133, 10.3847/1538-3881/aa5c8a

    2017 doi

  21. [29]

    1967, title Comet discoveries and observational selection , , 72, 716, 10.1086/110299

    Everhart , E. 1967, title Comet discoveries and observational selection , , 72, 716, 10.1086/110299

    1967 doi

  22. [30]

    L., Kelley , M

    Farnham , T. L., Kelley , M. S. P., & Bauer , J. M. 2021, title Early Activity in Comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli-Bernstein as Observed by TESS , , 2, 236, 10.3847/PSJ/ac323d

    2021 doi

  23. [31]

    L., Kelley , M

    Farnham , T. L., Kelley , M. S. P., Knight , M. M., & Feaga , L. M. 2019, title First Results from TESS Observations of Comet 46P/Wirtanen , , 886, L24, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab564d

    2019 doi

  24. [32]

    M., Vallely , P

    Fausnaugh , M. M., Vallely , P. J., Tucker , M. A., et al. 2023, title Four Years of Type Ia Supernovae Observed by TESS: Early-time Light-curve Shapes and Constraints on Companion Interaction Models , , 956, 108, 10.3847/1538-4357/aceaef

    2023 doi

  25. [33]

    D., Montet , B

    Feinstein , A. D., Montet , B. T., Foreman-Mackey , D., et al. 2019, title eleanor: An Open-source Tool for Extracting Light Curves from the TESS Full-frame Images , , 131, 094502, 10.1088/1538-3873/ab291c

    2019 doi

  26. [34]

    2024, title Interstellar Objects and Exocomets , in Comets III, ed

    Fitzsimmons , A., Meech , K., Matr \`a , L., & Pfalzner , S. 2024, title Interstellar Objects and Exocomets , in Comets III, ed. K. J. Meech , M. R. Combi , D. Bockel \'e e-Morvan , S. N. Raymodn , & M. E. Zolensky , 731--766

    2024

  27. [35]

    2018, title Spectroscopy and thermal modelling of the first interstellar object 1I/2017 U1 `Oumuamua , Nature Astronomy, 2, 133, 10.1038/s41550-017-0361-4

    Fitzsimmons , A., Snodgrass , C., Rozitis , B., et al. 2018, title Spectroscopy and thermal modelling of the first interstellar object 1I/2017 U1 `Oumuamua , Nature Astronomy, 2, 133, 10.1038/s41550-017-0361-4

    2018 doi

  28. [36]

    J., et al

    Fitzsimmons , A., Hainaut , O., Meech , K. J., et al. 2019, title Detection of CN Gas in Interstellar Object 2I/Borisov , , 885, L9, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab49fc

    2019 doi

  29. [37]

    C., Pravec , P., Fitzsimmons , A., et al

    Fraser , W. C., Pravec , P., Fitzsimmons , A., et al. 2018, title The tumbling rotational state of 1I/`Oumuamua , Nature Astronomy, 2, 383, 10.1038/s41550-018-0398-z

    2018 doi

  30. [38]

    C., Porter , S

    Fraser , W. C., Porter , S. B., Peltier , L., et al. 2024, title Candidate Distant Trans-Neptunian Objects Detected by the New Horizons Subaru TNO Survey , , 5, 227, 10.3847/PSJ/ad6f9e

    2024 doi

  31. [39]

    2017, title Origin of Interstellar Object A/2017 U1 in a Nearby Young Stellar Association? , RNAAS, 1, 13, 10.3847/2515-5172/aa9851

    Gaidos , E., Williams , J., & Kraus , A. 2017, title Origin of Interstellar Object A/2017 U1 in a Nearby Young Stellar Association? , RNAAS, 1, 13, 10.3847/2515-5172/aa9851

    2017 doi

  32. [40]

    2020, title Initial characterization of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov , Nature Astronomy, 4, 53, 10.1038/s41550-019-0931-8

    Guzik , P., Drahus , M., Rusek , K., et al. 2020, title Initial characterization of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov , Nature Astronomy, 4, 53, 10.1038/s41550-019-0931-8

    2020 doi

  33. [41]

    J., Seligman , D

    Hoover , D. J., Seligman , D. Z., & Payne , M. J. 2022, title The Population of Interstellar Objects Detectable with the LSST and Accessible for In Situ Rendezvous with Various Mission Designs , Planetary Science Journal, 3, 71, 10.3847/PSJ/ac58fe

    2022 doi

  34. [42]

    Hui , M.-T., & Knight , M. M. 2019, title New Insights into Interstellar Object 1I/2017 U1 ( Oumuamua) from SOHO/STEREO Nondetections , , 158, 256, 10.3847/1538-3881/ab50b8

    2019 doi

  35. [43]

    Hui , M.-T., Ye , Q.-Z., F \"o hring , D., Hung , D., & Tholen , D. J. 2020, title Physical Characterization of Interstellar Comet 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov) , , 160, 92, 10.3847/1538-3881/ab9df8

    2020 doi

  36. [44]

    D., et al

    Hunter, J. D., et al. 2007, title Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment, Computing in science and engineering, 9, 90

    2007

  37. [45]

    P., & Desch , S

    Jackson , A. P., & Desch , S. J. 2021, title 1I/`Oumuamua as an N _ 2 Ice Fragment of an exo Pluto Surface: I. Size and Compositional Constraints , Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), 126, e06706, 10.1029/2020JE006706

    2021 doi

  38. [46]

    2025, Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Interstellar Interloper 3I/ATLAS, 2508.02934

    Jewitt, D., Hui, M.-T., Mutchler, M., Kim, Y., & Agarwal, J. 2025, Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Interstellar Interloper 3I/ATLAS, 2508.02934

    2025 arXiv

  39. [47]

    2019, title Initial Characterization of Interstellar Comet 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov) , , 886, L29, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab530b

    Jewitt , D., & Luu , J. 2019, title Initial Characterization of Interstellar Comet 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov) , , 886, L29, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab530b

    2019 doi

  40. [48]

    2025, Interstellar Interloper C/2025 N1 is Active ,, The Astronomer's Telegram, No

    Jewitt , D., & Luu , J. 2025, Interstellar Interloper C/2025 N1 is Active ,, The Astronomer's Telegram, No. 17263 https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=17263

    2025

  41. [49]

    2017, title Interstellar Interloper 1I/2017 U1: Observations from the NOT and WIYN Telescopes , Astrophysical Journal Letters, 850, L36, 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9b2f

    Jewitt , D., Luu , J., Rajagopal , J., et al. 2017, title Interstellar Interloper 1I/2017 U1: Observations from the NOT and WIYN Telescopes , Astrophysical Journal Letters, 850, L36, 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9b2f

    2017 doi

  42. [50]

    Jewitt , D., & Seligman , D. Z. 2023, title The Interstellar Interlopers , , 61, 197, 10.1146/annurev-astro-071221-054221

    2023 doi

  43. [51]

    W., et al

    Kareta , T., Andrews , J., Noonan , J. W., et al. 2020, title Carbon Chain Depletion of 2I/Borisov , , 889, L38, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab6a08

    2020 doi

  44. [52]

    2025, title Near-Discovery Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2507.12234

    Kareta , T., Champagne , C., McClure , L., et al. 2025, title Near-Discovery Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2507.12234. 2507.12234

    2025 arXiv

  45. [53]

    2020, title Coma Anisotropy and the Rotation Pole of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov , , 895, L34, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab9228

    Kim , Y., Jewitt , D., Mutchler , M., et al. 2020, title Coma Anisotropy and the Rotation Pole of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov , , 895, L34, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab9228

    2020 doi

  46. [54]

    E., et al

    Kiss , C., Tak \'a cs , N., Kalup , C. E., et al. 2025, title Three fast-rotating Jovian trojans identified by TESS set new population density limits , , 694, L17, 10.1051/0004-6361/202453509

    2025 doi

  47. [55]

    M., Protopapa , S., Kelley , M

    Knight , M. M., Protopapa , S., Kelley , M. S. P., et al. 2017, title On the Rotation Period and Shape of the Hyperbolic Asteroid 1I/ Oumuamua (2017 U1) from Its Lightcurve , Astrophysical Journal Letters, 851, L31, 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9d81

    2017 doi

  48. [56]

    2023, title Near-term strategies to rendezvous with an interstellar object , Acta Astronautica, 206, 133, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.02.021

    Landau , D., Donitz , B., & Karimi , R. 2023, title Near-term strategies to rendezvous with an interstellar object , Acta Astronautica, 206, 133, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.02.021

    2023 doi

  49. [57]

    W., Lee , C.-H., Gerdes , D

    Lin , H. W., Lee , C.-H., Gerdes , D. W., et al. 2020, title Detection of Diatomic Carbon in 2I/Borisov , , 889, L30, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab6bd9

    2020 doi

  50. [58]

    Lomb , N. R. 1976, title Least-Squares Frequency Analysis of Unequally Spaced Data , , 39, 447, 10.1007/BF00648343

    1976 doi

  51. [59]

    2017, title Kinematics of the Interstellar Vagabond 1I/Oumuamua (A/2017 U1) , Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society, 1, 21, 10.3847/2515-5172/aa9bdc

    Mamajek , E. 2017, title Kinematics of the Interstellar Vagabond 1I/Oumuamua (A/2017 U1) , Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society, 1, 21, 10.3847/2515-5172/aa9bdc

    2017 doi

  52. [60]

    2025, title Pre-discovery TESS Observations of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2508.02499, 10.48550/arXiv.2508.02499

    Martinez-Palomera , J., Tuson , A., Hedges , C., et al. 2025, title Pre-discovery TESS Observations of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2508.02499, 10.48550/arXiv.2508.02499

    2025 doi

  53. [61]

    2023, title Synthetic population of interstellar objects in the Solar System , Astronomy and Computing, 42, 100690, 10.1016/j.ascom.2023.100690

    Mar c eta , D. 2023, title Synthetic population of interstellar objects in the Solar System , Astronomy and Computing, 42, 100690, 10.1016/j.ascom.2023.100690

    2023

  54. [62]

    Mar c eta , D., & Seligman , D. Z. 2023, title Synthetic Detections of Interstellar Objects with the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time , Planetary Science Journal, 4, 230, 10.3847/PSJ/ad08c1

    2023 doi

  55. [63]

    2019, title Modelling the light curve of `Oumuamua: evidence for torque and disc-like shape , MNRAS, 489, 3003, 10.1093/mnras/stz2380

    Mashchenko , S. 2019, title Modelling the light curve of `Oumuamua: evidence for torque and disc-like shape , MNRAS, 489, 3003, 10.1093/mnras/stz2380

    2019 doi

  56. [64]

    2017, title Palomar Optical Spectrum of Hyperbolic Near-Earth Object A/2017 U1 , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1710.09977

    Masiero , J. 2017, title Palomar Optical Spectrum of Hyperbolic Near-Earth Object A/2017 U1 , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1710.09977. 1710.09977

    2017 arXiv

  57. [65]

    R., Grav , T., Mainzer , A

    Masiero , J. R., Grav , T., Mainzer , A. K., et al. 2014, title Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos , , 791, 121, 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121

    2014 doi

  58. [66]

    2024, title High CO _ 2 Abundance in Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov Inferred from Oxygen Line Ratio Measurements , in AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts, Vol

    McKay , A., Opitom , C., Jehin , E., et al. 2024, title High CO _ 2 Abundance in Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov Inferred from Oxygen Line Ratio Measurements , in AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts, Vol. 56, 56th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sc...

    2024

  59. [67]

    J., Cochran , A

    McKay , A. J., Cochran , A. L., Dello Russo , N., & DiSanti , M. A. 2020, title Detection of a Water Tracer in Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov , , 889, L10, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab64ed

    2020 doi

  60. [68]

    J., Weryk , R., Micheli , M., et al

    Meech , K. J., Weryk , R., Micheli , M., et al. 2017, title A brief visit from a red and extremely elongated interstellar asteroid , Nature, 552, 378, 10.1038/nature25020

    2017 doi

  61. [69]

    J., et al

    Micheli , M., Farnocchia , D., Meech , K. J., et al. 2018, title Non-gravitational acceleration in the trajectory of 1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua) , Nature, 559, 223, 10.1038/s41586-018-0254-4

    2018 doi

  62. [70]

    2022, title High-performance solar sails for interstellar object rendezvous , Acta Astronautica, 200, 242, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.07.053

    Miller , D., Duvigneaud , F., Menken , W., Landau , D., & Linares , R. 2022, title High-performance solar sails for interstellar object rendezvous , Acta Astronautica, 200, 242, 10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.07.053

    2022 doi

  63. [71]

    2022, title Interstellar planetesimals , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2205.04277, 10.48550/arXiv.2205.04277

    Moro-Mart \' n , A. 2022, title Interstellar planetesimals , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2205.04277, 10.48550/arXiv.2205.04277

    2022 doi arXiv

  64. [72]

    L., & Loeb , A

    Moro-Mart \' n , A., Turner , E. L., & Loeb , A. 2009, title Will the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Detect Extra-Solar Planetesimals Entering the Solar System? , Astrophysical Journa, 704, 733, 10.1088/0004-637X/704/1/733

    2009 doi

  65. [73]

    2019, title 2I/Borisov: A C _ 2 -depleted interstellar comet , , 631, L8, 10.1051/0004-6361/201936959

    Opitom , C., Fitzsimmons , A., Jehin , E., et al. 2019, title 2I/Borisov: A C _ 2 -depleted interstellar comet , , 631, L8, 10.1051/0004-6361/201936959

    2019 doi

  66. [74]

    2025, Initial VLT/MUSE spectroscopy of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, 2507.05226

    Opitom, C., Snodgrass, C., Jehin, E., et al. 2025, Initial VLT/MUSE spectroscopy of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, 2507.05226

    2025 arXiv

  67. [75]

    L., Pereira , C

    Ortiz , J. L., Pereira , C. L., Sicardy , B., et al. 2023, title Changing material around (2060) Chiron revealed by an occultation on December 15, 2022 , , 676, L12, 10.1051/0004-6361/202347025

    2023 doi

  68. [76]

    2020, title Solar System Objects Observed with TESS First Data Release: Bright Main-belt and Trojan Asteroids from the Southern Survey , , 247, 26, 10.3847/1538-4365/ab64f0

    P \'a l , A., Szak \'a ts , R., Kiss , C., et al. 2020, title Solar System Objects Observed with TESS First Data Release: Bright Main-belt and Trojan Asteroids from the Southern Survey , , 247, 26, 10.3847/1538-4365/ab64f0

    2020 doi

  69. [77]

    L., Braga-Ribas , F., Sicardy , B., et al

    Pereira , C. L., Braga-Ribas , F., Sicardy , B., et al. 2025, title Centaur 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 and its near-nucleus environment from a stellar occultation , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A, 383, 20240189, 10.1098/rsta.2024.0189

    2025

  70. [78]

    2018, title Lightcurve Analysis for Fourteen Main-belt Minor Planets , Minor Planet Bulletin, 45, 347

    Polakis , T. 2018, title Lightcurve Analysis for Fourteen Main-belt Minor Planets , Minor Planet Bulletin, 45, 347

    2018

  71. [79]

    R., Winn , J

    Ricker , G. R., Winn , J. N., Vanderspek , R., et al. 2015, title Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) , Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, 1, 014003, 10.1117/1.JATIS.1.1.014003

    2015 doi

  72. [80]

    2025, title Temporal Evolution of the Third Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS: Spin, Color, Spectra and Dust Activity , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2508.00808, 10.48550/arXiv.2508.00808

    Santana-Ros , T., Ivanova , O., Mykhailova , S., et al. 2025, title Temporal Evolution of the Third Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS: Spin, Color, Spectra and Dust Activity , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2508.00808, 10.48550/arXiv.2508.00808

    2025 doi

  73. [81]

    Scargle , J. D. 1982, title Studies in astronomical time series analysis. II. Statistical aspects of spectral analysis of unevenly spaced data. , , 263, 835, 10.1086/160554

    1982 doi

  74. [82]

    2019, title Outgassing As Trigger of 1I/`Oumuamua's Nongravitational Acceleration: Could This Hypothesis Work at All? , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1905.00935, 10.48550/arXiv.1905.00935

    Sekanina , Z. 2019, title Outgassing As Trigger of 1I/`Oumuamua's Nongravitational Acceleration: Could This Hypothesis Work at All? , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1905.00935, 10.48550/arXiv.1905.00935

    2019 doi arXiv

  75. [83]

    2018, title The Feasibility and Benefits of In Situ Exploration of Oumuamua-like Objects , , 155, 217, 10.3847/1538-3881/aabd37

    Seligman , D., & Laughlin , G. 2018, title The Feasibility and Benefits of In Situ Exploration of Oumuamua-like Objects , , 155, 217, 10.3847/1538-3881/aabd37

    2018 doi

  76. [84]

    2020, title Evidence that 1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua) was Composed of Molecular Hydrogen Ice , , 896, L8, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab963f

    Seligman , D., & Laughlin , G. 2020, title Evidence that 1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua) was Composed of Molecular Hydrogen Ice , , 896, L8, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab963f

    2020 doi

  77. [85]

    Z., Levine , W

    Seligman , D. Z., Levine , W. G., Cabot , S. H. C., Laughlin , G., & Meech , K. 2021, title On the Spin Dynamics of Elongated Minor Bodies with Applications to a Possible Solar System Analogue Composition for 'Oumuamua , , 920, 28, 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1594

    2021 doi

  78. [86]

    Z., & Moro-Mart \' n , A

    Seligman , D. Z., & Moro-Mart \' n , A. 2023, title Interstellar objects , Contemporary Physics, 63, 200, 10.1080/00107514.2023.2203976

    2023

  79. [87]

    Z., Micheli , M., Farnocchia , D., et al

    Seligman , D. Z., Micheli , M., Farnocchia , D., et al. 2025, title Discovery and Preliminary Characterization of a Third Interstellar Object: 3I/ATLAS , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2507.02757, 10.48550/arXiv.2507.02757

    2025 doi arXiv

  80. [88]

    M., P \'a l , A., Szigeti , L., et al

    Szab \'o , G. M., P \'a l , A., Szigeti , L., et al. 2022, title Rotation periods and shape asphericity in asteroid families based on TESS S1-S13 observations , , 661, A48, 10.1051/0004-6361/202142223

    2022 doi

  81. [89]

    G., Seligman , D

    Taylor , A. G., Seligman , D. Z., Hainaut , O. R., & Meech , K. J. 2023, title Fitting the Light Curve of 1I/'Oumuamua with a Nonprincipal Axis Rotational Model and Outgassing Torques , , 4, 186, 10.3847/PSJ/acf617

    2023 doi

  82. [90]

    L., Denneau , L., Heinze , A

    Tonry , J. L., Denneau , L., Heinze , A. N., et al. 2018 a , title ATLAS: A High-cadence All-sky Survey System , , 130, 064505, 10.1088/1538-3873/aabadf

    2018 doi

  83. [91]

    L., Denneau , L., Flewelling , H., et al

    Tonry , J. L., Denneau , L., Flewelling , H., et al. 2018 b , title The ATLAS All-Sky Stellar Reference Catalog , , 867, 105, 10.3847/1538-4357/aae386

    2018 doi

  84. [92]

    E., Mommert, M., Hora, J

    Trilling, D. E., Mommert, M., Hora, J. L., et al. 2018, title Spitzer observations of interstellar object 1I/‘Oumuamua, Astronomical Journal, 156, 261

    2018

  85. [93]

    C., & Varoquaux, G

    Van Der Walt, S., Colbert, S. C., & Varoquaux, G. 2011, title The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation, Computing in Science & Engineering, 13, 22

    2011

  86. [94]

    P., Fausnaugh , M., et al

    Vanderspek , R., Doty , J. P., Fausnaugh , M., et al. 2018, TESS Instrument Handbook, v0.1, Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes , https://archive.stsci.edu/missions/tess/doc/TESS_Instrument_Handbook_v0.1.pdf

    2018

  87. [95]

    E., et al

    Virtanen, P., Gommers, R., Oliphant, T. E., et al. 2020, title SciPy 1.0: Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python , Nature Methods, 17, 261, 10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2

    2020 doi

  88. [96]

    D., Harris , A

    Warner , B. D., Harris , A. W., & Pravec , P. 2009, title The asteroid lightcurve database , , 202, 134, 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.003

    2009 doi

  89. [97]

    V., Sato , H., Sarneczky , K., et al

    Williams , G. V., Sato , H., Sarneczky , K., et al. 2017, title Minor Planets 2017 SN\_33 and 2017 U1 , Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams, 4450, 1

    2017

  90. [98]

    A., et al

    Womack , M., Curtis , O., Rabson , D. A., et al. 2021, title The Visual Lightcurve of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) from 1995 to 1999 , , 2, 17, 10.3847/PSJ/abd32c

    2021 doi

  91. [99]

    Xing , Z., Bodewits , D., Noonan , J., & Bannister , M. T. 2020, title Water Production Rates and Activity of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov , , 893, L48, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab86be

    2020 doi

  92. [100]

    J., Connelley , M., & Keane , J

    Yang , B., Meech , K. J., Connelley , M., & Keane , J. V. 2025, title Spectroscopic Characterization of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS: Water Ice in the Coma , arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2507.14916. 2507.14916

    2025

  93. [101]

    A., et al

    Yang, B., Li, A., Cordiner, M. A., et al. 2021, title Compact pebbles and the evolution of volatiles in the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov, Nature Astronomy, 10.1038/s41550-021-01336-w

    2021 doi

  94. [102]

    Ye , Q., Kelley , M. S. P., Bolin , B. T., et al. 2020, title Pre-discovery Activity of New Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov beyond 5 au , , 159, 77, 10.3847/1538-3881/ab659b

    2020 doi

  95. [103]

    Ye , Q.-Z., Zhang , Q., Kelley , M. S. P., & Brown , P. G. 2017, title 1I/2017 U1 (`Oumuamua) is Hot: Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Search of Meteor Activity , Astrophysical Journal Letters, 851, L5, 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9a34

    2017 doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 6, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.