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Strict area law implies commuting parent Hamiltonian
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abstract
We show that in two spatial dimensions, when a quantum state has entanglement entropy obeying a strict area law, meaning $S(A)=\alpha |\partial A| - \gamma$ for constants $\alpha, \gamma$ independent of lattice region $A$, then it admits a commuting parent Hamiltonian. More generally, we prove that the entanglement bootstrap axioms in 2D imply the existence of a commuting, local parent Hamiltonian with a stable spectral gap. We also extend our proof to states that describe gapped domain walls. Physically, these results imply that the states studied in the entanglement bootstrap program correspond to ground states of some local Hamiltonian, describing a stable phase of matter. Our result also suggests that systems with chiral gapless edge modes cannot obey a strict area law provided they have finite local Hilbert space.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Gapped Parent Hamiltonians for the Strongly Deformed Toric Code
Strongly deformed toric code states have local gapped parent Hamiltonians with exponentially decaying interactions, placing them in a trivial gapped phase despite perimeter-law Wilson loops.
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Approximate Quantum Error Correction at Chiral Topological Edges
Chiral edge codes have local-erasure robustness governed by power-law exponents with hierarchy γ≥α≥min{α,β}, so the 2D code is at least as robust as its 1D CFT reduction.
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