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Symbolic Chain-of-Thought Distillation: Small Models Can Also "Think" Step-by-Step

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arxiv 2306.14050 v2 pith:Z4BDUHSK submitted 2023-06-24 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords chain-of-thoughtmodelsteacherdistillationmodelparametersstudentlarge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Chain-of-thought prompting (e.g., "Let's think step-by-step") primes large language models to verbalize rationalization for their predictions. While chain-of-thought can lead to dramatic performance gains, benefits appear to emerge only for sufficiently large models (beyond 50B parameters). We show that orders-of-magnitude smaller models (125M -- 1.3B parameters) can still benefit from chain-of-thought prompting. To achieve this, we introduce Symbolic Chain-of-Thought Distillation (SCoTD), a method to train a smaller student model on rationalizations sampled from a significantly larger teacher model. Experiments across several commonsense benchmarks show that: 1) SCoTD enhances the performance of the student model in both supervised and few-shot settings, and especially for challenge sets; 2) sampling many reasoning chains per instance from the teacher is paramount; and 3) after distillation, student chain-of-thoughts are judged by humans as comparable to the teacher, despite orders of magnitude fewer parameters. We test several hypotheses regarding what properties of chain-of-thought samples are important, e.g., diversity vs. teacher likelihood vs. open-endedness. We release our corpus of chain-of-thought samples and code.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Rationales Are Not Silver Bullets: Measuring the Impact of Rationales on Model Performance and Reliability

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Rationale-augmented finetuning can hurt accuracy while improving calibration, with the sizes of both effects tied linearly to task difficulty.

  2. iReDev: A Knowledge-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Intelligent Requirements Development

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    A knowledge-driven, event-triggered multi-agent framework called iReDev generates software requirements artifacts that outperform zero-shot prompting, MetaGPT, and Elicitron on ten small projects.

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    A two-stage LoRA plus DPO distillation from two large MLLMs lets a 7B student detect out-of-context news with 90.04% accuracy on NewsCLIPpings while using only 8.61% labeled data.

  5. AI-Augmented LLMs Achieve Therapist-Level Responses in Motivational Interviewing

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    A custom prompt built from machine-learning-identified therapy behavior features improved GPT-4's motivational interviewing quality scores, though the model remained slightly below human therapists on the paper's own metric.

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