Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.286136Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 37 of 37 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.04279.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
37 of 37 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy35
- unresolved2
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation b2f8f6a1-f06c-4112-b0be-4a431338d902 · outbound
This paper cites Political fragmentation and fiscal outcomes,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Political fragmentation and fiscal outcomes,
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.767158Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5031434a-f5e7-45b8-abdd-a1ae979c790a · outbound
This paper cites Political fragmentation and the decline of effective government,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Political fragmentation and the decline of effective government,
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.755377Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 2fd15516-14be-4282-a5e3-3ac2b27b7d6f · outbound
This paper cites Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.743630Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 34bd68dd-b1b9-48af-b94e-f39532956e06 · outbound
This paper cites Élections en afrique: enjeux démocratiques et quête de sens,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Élections en afrique: enjeux démocratiques et quête de sens,
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.731206Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c7255b09-3d84-479f-83a5-f27ae08eef9d · outbound
This paper cites Tine, Le Sénégal, sous Senghor et Diouf, une démocratie buissonnière?: une critique du pluralisme des partis politiques.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Tine, Le Sénégal, sous Senghor et Diouf, une démocratie buissonnière?: une critique du pluralisme des partis politiques
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.718985Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d36caf8b-3f82-43dd-b098-be5affebde5d · outbound
This paper cites Stoner and M.
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.706469Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 542e7fb0-5737-4df1-a786-cc9bdaacef1d · outbound
This paper cites Party systems in africa: Problems of categorising and explaining party systems,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Party systems in africa: Problems of categorising and explaining party systems,
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.694461Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 256008f0-c55f-4440-97c2-edab51d5e6ad · outbound
This paper cites La connexion entre les partis et les électeurs en afrique : le cas ghanéen,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre La connexion entre les partis et les électeurs en afrique : le cas ghanéen,
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.682634Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5838c0ba-a59f-49a9-af77-f921d7bec6e6 · outbound
This paper cites Bratton and N.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Bratton and N
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.670571Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 6ecc8dcc-09bf-4b3a-bb1c-83d1d7c3c68d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.658941Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 804dcc0e-5965-443c-909c-397863096ec3 · outbound
This paper cites Collier, Wars, guns and votes: Democracy in dangerous places.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Collier, Wars, guns and votes: Democracy in dangerous places
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.647227Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5b63e60b-f670-495f-8ec4-f48d97b728c4 · outbound
This paper cites Bayart, The State in Africa: the politics of the belly.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Bayart, The State in Africa: the politics of the belly
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.634955Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5f71a4ce-03fb-4a22-a13a-6028c3931fdd · outbound
This paper cites Effective number of parties: a measure with application to west europe,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Effective number of parties: a measure with application to west europe,
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.622911Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e07f196d-8364-481b-b2d2-bf25c627e474 · outbound
This paper cites Rethinking duverger’s law: predicting the effective number of parties in plurality and pr systems–parties minus issues equals one,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Rethinking duverger’s law: predicting the effective number of parties in plurality and pr systems–parties minus issues equals one,
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.610631Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation bcf49d7a-bc74-4cd0-a816-af0e74b1fca8 · outbound
This paper cites Predicting the number of parties: A quantitative model of duverger’s mechanical effect,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Predicting the number of parties: A quantitative model of duverger’s mechanical effect,
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.598270Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 98651aeb-1433-4695-8af7-5a546bb26854 · outbound
This paper cites The effective number of parties at four scales: V otes, seats, legislative power and cabinet power,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre The effective number of parties at four scales: V otes, seats, legislative power and cabinet power,
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.585980Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8931d59e-1b5e-4e8f-b8a4-2927e1a9a03d · outbound
This paper cites The effective number of relevant parties: how voting power improves laakso- taagepera’s index,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre The effective number of relevant parties: how voting power improves laakso- taagepera’s index,
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.573118Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation dea44bbd-40c8-4af1-b3bd-b1b7d60bfc83 · outbound
This paper cites How many political parties are there, really? a new measure of the ideologically cognizable number of parties/party groupings,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre How many political parties are there, really? a new measure of the ideologically cognizable number of parties/party groupings,
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.560419Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e35d8768-cc96-4687-a8d2-856e280324c5 · outbound
This paper cites Effective number of parties in a multi-party democracy under an entropic political equilibrium with floating voters,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Effective number of parties in a multi-party democracy under an entropic political equilibrium with floating voters,
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.547741Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f1d719eb-f136-4f2b-80c2-9356ee95e953 · outbound
This paper cites The effective number of parties: A new approach,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre The effective number of parties: A new approach,
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.535089Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5ef352cd-31c5-402f-a4d3-f6da9c72cdfc · outbound
This paper cites A general measure of the ‘effective’number of parties in a political system,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre A general measure of the ‘effective’number of parties in a political system,
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.522667Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 30bf63dd-1372-4531-aa70-76e839be206b · outbound
This paper cites Taagepera, Predicting party sizes: The logic of simple electoral systems.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Taagepera, Predicting party sizes: The logic of simple electoral systems
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.510075Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation fa26c180-eaa6-45b3-8104-5f4cb1c061ef · outbound
This paper cites Electoral systems, ethnic cleavages and experience with democracy,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Electoral systems, ethnic cleavages and experience with democracy,
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.497575Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8bb74c53-49a9-4c8e-a45f-9da8688388cb · outbound
This paper cites Electoral systems design and power-sharing regimes,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Electoral systems design and power-sharing regimes,
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.484909Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 30febcb6-b0dd-4425-a4c9-608d1c39db96 · outbound
This paper cites Social cleavages and electoral support in turkey: Toward convergence?,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Social cleavages and electoral support in turkey: Toward convergence?,
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.471434Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e8ed9412-bceb-4b9a-a604-0e505abafc62 · outbound
This paper cites Counting parties and identifying dominant party systems in africa,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Counting parties and identifying dominant party systems in africa,
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.457428Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 02bbdd19-bbee-4a6a-84e4-a6d1d2ff43aa · outbound
This paper cites Crowded space, fertile ground: party entry and the effective number of parties,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Crowded space, fertile ground: party entry and the effective number of parties,
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.445124Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation a07a42d3-9b17-4fcf-a062-474af70f9ac9 · outbound
This paper cites The number of parties and party system nationalization in an integrated analytical framework,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre The number of parties and party system nationalization in an integrated analytical framework,
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.432654Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f036eb26-880f-4edd-9329-fcad02b1cbd0 · outbound
This paper cites Which parties count?-the effective number of parties in the albanian party system,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Which parties count?-the effective number of parties in the albanian party system,
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.420288Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4a5bbd57-caca-42ca-9b1b-a11b5332afc0 · outbound
This paper cites The seat product model of the effective number of parties: A case for applied political science,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre The seat product model of the effective number of parties: A case for applied political science,
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.407732Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 26b1b4ae-d7eb-4e55-af83-6abb8e2a9a5f · outbound
This paper cites The levenberg-marquardt algorithm,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre The levenberg-marquardt algorithm,
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.264639Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6999e553-68cf-40fe-bd59-283b27e86e95 · outbound
This paper cites Google Colaboratory.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Google Colaboratory
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.384687Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 2dc6ba1a-dc5b-48ad-a881-aa4e645440fd · outbound
This paper cites Scipy optimize: Least squares Algorithm.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Scipy optimize: Least squares Algorithm
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.371008Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5cf66bd3-3cea-4845-9f0b-a7e28537851f · outbound
This paper cites DataBank, World Development Indicators,.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre DataBank, World Development Indicators,
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.358486Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 15fc3802-2c6f-465e-813c-0e6e3fd27e18 · outbound
This paper cites Economic Community of West African States.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Economic Community of West African States
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.345715Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation bf370c9b-bb73-4110-ab79-4f53b612cce1 · outbound
This paper cites Economic Community of Central African States.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Economic Community of Central African States
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.333348Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c4c951f4-f8e5-42fd-a1b1-b14e8d9a60fb · outbound
This paper cites Confederation of Sahel States.
Nombre Effectif de Partis Politiques en Afrique: Une Nouvelle M\'ethode pour un Calcul Objectif et Institutionnellement Neutre Confederation of Sahel States
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:04:50.319387Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.