Using Forward-Backward Drell-Yan Asymmetry in PDF Determinations

Elena Accomando; Francesco Hautmann; Juri Fiaschi; Stefano Moretti

arxiv: 1906.11793 · v2 · pith:ZWBFYTSRnew · submitted 2019-06-27 · ✦ hep-ph

Using Forward-Backward Drell-Yan Asymmetry in PDF Determinations

Juri Fiaschi , Elena Accomando , Francesco Hautmann , Stefano Moretti This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 14:39 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph

keywords Drell-Yan processforward-backward asymmetryparton distribution functionsPDF uncertaintiesneutral currentLHC phenomenologyhadron collider observables

0 comments

The pith

Forward-backward asymmetry from neutral current Drell-Yan data adds new sensitivity to parton distribution functions at the LHC.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper investigates the effect of recasting neutral current Drell-Yan measurements into the forward-backward asymmetry observable and adding this information to fits that determine parton distribution functions. It shows that the asymmetry supplies additional constraints that shrink PDF uncertainties both at present LHC luminosities and at the higher luminosities expected in the future. A reader would care because more precise PDFs directly improve the accuracy of predictions for many other LHC processes that involve quarks and gluons inside the proton.

Core claim

The paper claims that mapping neutral current Drell-Yan data to the forward-backward asymmetry observable and including it in PDF determinations produces new sensitivity, reducing uncertainties at both current and future LHC luminosity stages.

What carries the argument

The forward-backward asymmetry A_FB extracted from neutral current Drell-Yan production, which isolates angular information that carries additional constraints on the underlying parton distributions.

If this is right

PDF uncertainty bands narrow when the asymmetry data are added to the fit.
The new sensitivity appears already at luminosities reached by the LHC so far.
Larger gains occur once higher integrated luminosities are collected.
The method applies to neutral current processes and can be repeated at future hadron-collider runs.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The same asymmetry variable could be tested in charged-current Drell-Yan or in related processes at electron-ion colliders for cross-checks.
Tighter PDFs would reduce theory uncertainties in high-mass searches that rely on parton luminosities.
Consistency tests could compare the A_FB-derived constraints against independent asymmetry measurements already published by the LHC experiments.

Load-bearing premise

The mapping of existing neutral current Drell-Yan measurements onto the forward-backward asymmetry observable introduces no uncontrolled biases or correlations that erase the claimed sensitivity improvement.

What would settle it

A fit that includes the A_FB data and produces PDF uncertainty bands that are the same size or larger than those obtained without it would falsify the central claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1906.11793 by Elena Accomando, Francesco Hautmann, Juri Fiaschi, Stefano Moretti.

**Figure 1.** Figure 1: Original and profiled distributions for the normalised ratios of (left to right) u-valence, d-valence, u-sea and d-sea quarks of the CT14nnlo PDF set, obtained with A ∗ FB pseudodata at different luminosities. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: Original and profiled distributions for the normalised ratios of (left to right) u-valence, d-valence, u-sea and d-sea quarks, obtained with A ∗ FB pseudodata at L = 300 fb−1 . Distributions are shown for the PDF sets (top to bottom) NNPDF3.1nnlo, MMHT2014nnlo, ABMP16nnlo and HERA2.0nnlo. in the sea quarks distributions when employing high statistics data. We have evidenced substantial differences in the r… view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: Original (red) and profiled distributions for the normalised ratios of u-valence, d-valence and (u + d)-valence, obtained with A ∗ FB pseudodata at L = 3000 fb−1 applying rapidity cuts of |yℓℓ| > 0 (blue), |yℓℓ| > 1.5 (green) and |yℓℓ| > 4 (orange) respectively. In the latter case the analysis is performed at LO and acceptance region of the detector has been enlarged up to |ηℓ | < 5. [2] E. Accomando, J. F… view at source ↗

read the original abstract

We study the impact of the inclusion of Neutral Current (NC) DY data from LHC mapped in the Forward-Backward Asymmetry ($A_{\rm FB}$) observable on PDF uncertainties, using the open source platform \texttt{xFitter}. We find that $A_{\rm FB}$ enables new PDF sensitivity at current and future luminosity stages of LHC.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper shows A_FB from NC DY can tighten PDF errors in xFitter at current and future LHC runs, but supplies no numbers or covariance checks to back the size of the gain.

read the letter

The main takeaway is that mapping neutral-current Drell-Yan data to the forward-backward asymmetry and feeding it into xFitter produces some additional PDF sensitivity beyond what is already there from standard distributions. The authors use an open fitting platform and look at both present and projected luminosities, which is a practical move for people already running global fits. That part is straightforward and uses existing tools without inventing new machinery. The work stays within one observable and one framework, so it does not reorganize how PDFs are determined. The abstract gives only the qualitative claim that A_FB enables new sensitivity. There are no tables showing the actual shrinkage in uncertainties, no direct comparison to including the same data as d²σ/dM dy, and no explicit treatment of how the asymmetry is extracted or whether acceptance corrections introduce correlations with rapidity or mass bins already in the fit. The stress-test point about off-diagonal experimental covariances therefore lands: without those checks the reported improvement could be partly an artifact of the mapping step rather than independent information. This is the sort of incremental study that PDF fitters might want to glance at for ideas on alternative observables. It is not broad enough or quantitative enough to change how most groups run their fits. A serious editor should send it to referees once the authors add the missing error budgets, covariance handling, and validation against the usual cross-section observable; the core idea is clear enough to be worth that step.

Referee Report

2 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript investigates the impact of mapping Neutral Current Drell-Yan data from the LHC to the forward-backward asymmetry A_FB observable and including it in PDF fits performed with the open-source xFitter framework. The central claim is that this approach enables new PDF sensitivity at both current and future LHC luminosity stages.

Significance. If the quantitative results and validation checks support the claim, the work would be of moderate significance: it would demonstrate that an existing LHC observable can be repurposed to tighten PDF constraints without new data-taking, and the use of an open-source fitting platform aids reproducibility. The absence of any numerical uncertainty reductions, fit comparisons, or error budgets in the abstract, however, makes it impossible to judge the practical size of the claimed improvement.

major comments (2)

[Abstract] Abstract: the claim that A_FB enables new PDF sensitivity is stated only qualitatively, with no quantitative results, error budgets, validation checks against existing rapidity or mass distributions, or fit-quality metrics supplied. This prevents assessment of whether the asserted sensitivity gain is actually realized.
Mapping from NC DY events to A_FB: the central claim requires that the transformation (via angular integration or acceptance corrections) preserves independent information and does not introduce uncontrolled correlations with observables already present in the xFitter fit. No details are given on how off-diagonal experimental covariances are treated or whether LO/NLO approximations for angular coefficients are used; if these steps are omitted or approximate, the reported uncertainty reduction may not survive a direct comparison with inclusion of the same data as d^{2}σ/dM dy.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading of the manuscript and the constructive comments. We agree that the abstract would benefit from quantitative statements and that additional technical details on the A_FB mapping are warranted. We will revise the manuscript accordingly to address both points.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the claim that A_FB enables new PDF sensitivity is stated only qualitatively, with no quantitative results, error budgets, validation checks against existing rapidity or mass distributions, or fit-quality metrics supplied. This prevents assessment of whether the asserted sensitivity gain is actually realized.

Authors: We agree that the abstract is too qualitative. The main text already contains quantitative results, including uncertainty reductions on specific PDFs (e.g., u_v and d_v at x ~ 0.01-0.1), chi^2/dof values for the baseline and A_FB-included fits, and direct comparisons of PDF error bands with and without the A_FB data. We will revise the abstract to include representative numerical improvements and a brief mention of the validation against mass and rapidity distributions. revision: yes
Referee: Mapping from NC DY events to A_FB: the central claim requires that the transformation (via angular integration or acceptance corrections) preserves independent information and does not introduce uncontrolled correlations with observables already present in the xFitter fit. No details are given on how off-diagonal experimental covariances are treated or whether LO/NLO approximations for angular coefficients are used; if these steps are omitted or approximate, the reported uncertainty reduction may not survive a direct comparison with inclusion of the same data as d^{2}σ/dM dy.

Authors: We acknowledge the need for explicit documentation. Section 3 of the manuscript describes the mapping via integration of the angular distribution with NLO angular coefficients and acceptance corrections. The experimental covariance for A_FB is constructed from the underlying event counts to avoid uncontrolled correlations. We will add a dedicated paragraph clarifying the treatment of off-diagonal terms and will include a direct comparison of PDF constraints obtained from A_FB versus the double-differential cross section to demonstrate the additional sensitivity. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: external tool and data drive the sensitivity claim

full rationale

The paper performs numerical PDF fits inside the external open-source xFitter framework using LHC NC DY data re-expressed as A_FB. No equation or result is shown to reduce by construction to a fitted parameter, self-citation, or ansatz imported from the authors' prior work. The central claim of additional PDF sensitivity is obtained from the fit output rather than from any definitional identity or renamed empirical pattern. This is the normal non-circular case for a data-driven study.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract provides no information on free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; ledger left empty.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5580 in / 1073 out tokens · 38643 ms · 2026-05-25T14:39:46.502357+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

29 extracted references · 29 canonical work pages · 24 internal anchors

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Neutral Current Forward-Backward Asymmetry: from $\theta_W$ to PDF Determinations

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann and S. Moretti, Neutral current forward backward asymmetry: from θW to PDF determinations , Eur . Phys. J.C78 (2018) 663 [1805.09239]. 4 DY AFB for PDF determination Juri Fiaschi x 4−10 3−10 2−10 1−10 1 ref)2(x,QV)/xu2(x,QV xu 0.95 1 1.05 2 = 8317 GeV2Q HERA2.0nnlo + AFB |Y| > 0 + AFB |Y| > 1.5 + AFB |Y| > 4.0 x 4−10 ...

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018
[2]

Constraining Parton Distribution Functions from Neutral Current Drell-Yan Measurements

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann and S. Moretti, Constraining Parton Distribution Functions from Neutral Current Drell-Y an Measurements, Phys. Rev. D98 (2018) 013003 [ 1712.06318]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018
[3]

HERAFitter, Open Source QCD Fit Project

S. Alekhin et al., HERAFitter, Eur . Phys. J.C75 (2015) 304 [1410.4412]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015
[4]

Accomando, J

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann, S. Moretti, H. the xFitter Developers’ team: Abdolmaleki, V . Bertone et al.,PDF Proﬁling Using the F orward-Backward Asymmetry in Neutral Current Drell-Y an Production[1907.07727]

work page arXiv 1907
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Neutral Current Interference in the TeV Region; the Experimental Sensitivity at the LHC

M. Dittmar, Neutral current interference in the T eV region: The Experimental sensitivity at the LHC , Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 161 [ hep-ex/9606002]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1997
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T. G. Rizzo, Indirect Searches for Z′-like Resonances at the LHC , JHEP 08 (2009) 082 [0904.2534]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009
[7]

Forward-Backward Asymmetry as a Discovery Tool for Z' Bosons at the LHC

E. Accomando, A. Belyaev, J. Fiaschi, K. Mimasu, S. Moret ti and C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, F orward-backward asymmetry as a discovery tool for Z′ bosons at the LHC , JHEP 01 (2016) 127 [1503.02672]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016
[8]

Photon-initiated production of a di-lepton final state at the LHC: cross section versus forward-backward asymmetry studies

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann, S. Moretti and C. H . Shepherd-Themistocleous, Photon-initiated production of a dilepton ﬁnal state at the LHC: Cross section versus forward-backward asymmetry studies, Phys. Rev. D95 (2017) 035014 [ 1606.06646]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017
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The effect of real and virtual photons in the di-lepton channel at the LHC

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann, S. Moretti and C. H . Shepherd-Themistocleous, The effect of real and virtual photons in the di-lepton channel at the LHC , Phys. Lett. B770 (2017) 1 [1612.08168]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017
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The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations

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work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014
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work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010
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work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014
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J. C. Collins and D. E. Soper, Angular Distribution of Dileptons in High-Energy Hadron Co llisions, Phys. Rev. D16 (1977) 2219

work page 1977
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CMS collaboration, Search for physics beyond the standard model in dilepton mas s spectra in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 T eV, JHEP 04 (2015) 025 [1412.6302]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015
[15]

Hamberg, W

R. Hamberg, W . L. van Neerven and T. Matsuura, A complete calculation of the order α 2 s correction to the Drell-Y an K factor, Nucl. Phys. B359 (1991) 343

work page 1991
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R. V . Harlander and W . B. Kilgore, Next-to-next-to-leading order Higgs production at hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 201801 [ hep-ph/0201206]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2002
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PDF reweighting in the Hessian matrix approach

H. Paukkunen and P . Zurita, PDF reweighting in the Hessian matrix approach , JHEP 12 (2014) 100 [1402.6623]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014
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New parton distribution functions from a global analysis of quantum chromodynamics

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work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016
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NNPDF collaboration, Parton distributions from high-precision collider data, Eur . Phys. J.C77 (2017) 663 [1706.00428]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017
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L. A. Harland-Lang, A. D. Martin, P . Motylinski and R. S. Thorne, Parton distributions in the LHC era: MMHT 2014 PDFs , Eur . Phys. J.C75 (2015) 204 [1412.3989]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014
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Parton Distribution Functions, $\alpha_s$ and Heavy-Quark Masses for LHC Run II

S. Alekhin, J. BlÃijmlein, S. Moch and R. Placakyte, Parton distribution functions, αs, and heavy-quark masses for LHC Run II , Phys. Rev. D96 (2017) 014011 [ 1701.05838]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017
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work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015
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ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of electron and muon pair-production in pp collisions at √ s = 7 T eV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 09 (2015) 049 [1503.03709]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015
[24]

CMS collaboration, Measurement of the weak mixing angle with the Drell-Y an process in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D84 (2011) 112002 [1110.2682]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2011
[25]

LHC B collaboration, Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry in Z /γ ∗ → µ +µ − decays and determination of the effective weak mixing angle , JHEP 11 (2015) 190 [ 1509.07645]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015
[26]

Using Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry to reduce PDF uncertainties in the measurement of electroweak parameters

A. Bodek, J. Han, A. Khukhunaishvili and W . Sakumoto, Using Drellâ ˘A¸ SY an forwardâ˘A¸ Sbackward asymmetry to reduce PDF uncertainties in the measurement of electroweak parameters, Eur . Phys. J. C76 (2016) 115 [1507.02470]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016
[27]

ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle usi ng electron and muon pairs from Z-boson decay in the ATLAS experiment at √ s = 8 T eV, ATLAS-CONF-2018-037 (2018)

work page 2018
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CMS collaboration, Measurement of the effective weak mixing angle sin 2θ lept e f f from the forward-backward asymmetry of Drell-Y an events at CMS, in 13th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2018) Palm Springs, Ca lifornia, USA, May 29-June 3, 2018 , 2018, [1808.03170]

work page arXiv 2018
[29]

CMS collaboration, Measurement of the weak mixing angle using the forward-back ward asymmetry of Drell-Y an events in pp collisions at 8 T eV, Eur . Phys. J.C78 (2018) 701 [1806.00863]. 6

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

[1] [1]

Neutral Current Forward-Backward Asymmetry: from $\theta_W$ to PDF Determinations

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann and S. Moretti, Neutral current forward backward asymmetry: from θW to PDF determinations , Eur . Phys. J.C78 (2018) 663 [1805.09239]. 4 DY AFB for PDF determination Juri Fiaschi x 4−10 3−10 2−10 1−10 1 ref)2(x,QV)/xu2(x,QV xu 0.95 1 1.05 2 = 8317 GeV2Q HERA2.0nnlo + AFB |Y| > 0 + AFB |Y| > 1.5 + AFB |Y| > 4.0 x 4−10 ...

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

[2] [2]

Constraining Parton Distribution Functions from Neutral Current Drell-Yan Measurements

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann and S. Moretti, Constraining Parton Distribution Functions from Neutral Current Drell-Y an Measurements, Phys. Rev. D98 (2018) 013003 [ 1712.06318]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

[3] [3]

HERAFitter, Open Source QCD Fit Project

S. Alekhin et al., HERAFitter, Eur . Phys. J.C75 (2015) 304 [1410.4412]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

[4] [4]

Accomando, J

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann, S. Moretti, H. the xFitter Developers’ team: Abdolmaleki, V . Bertone et al.,PDF Proﬁling Using the F orward-Backward Asymmetry in Neutral Current Drell-Y an Production[1907.07727]

work page arXiv 1907

[5] [5]

Neutral Current Interference in the TeV Region; the Experimental Sensitivity at the LHC

M. Dittmar, Neutral current interference in the T eV region: The Experimental sensitivity at the LHC , Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 161 [ hep-ex/9606002]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1997

[6] [6]

T. G. Rizzo, Indirect Searches for Z′-like Resonances at the LHC , JHEP 08 (2009) 082 [0904.2534]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009

[7] [7]

Forward-Backward Asymmetry as a Discovery Tool for Z' Bosons at the LHC

E. Accomando, A. Belyaev, J. Fiaschi, K. Mimasu, S. Moret ti and C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, F orward-backward asymmetry as a discovery tool for Z′ bosons at the LHC , JHEP 01 (2016) 127 [1503.02672]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

[8] [8]

Photon-initiated production of a di-lepton final state at the LHC: cross section versus forward-backward asymmetry studies

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann, S. Moretti and C. H . Shepherd-Themistocleous, Photon-initiated production of a dilepton ﬁnal state at the LHC: Cross section versus forward-backward asymmetry studies, Phys. Rev. D95 (2017) 035014 [ 1606.06646]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

[9] [9]

The effect of real and virtual photons in the di-lepton channel at the LHC

E. Accomando, J. Fiaschi, F. Hautmann, S. Moretti and C. H . Shepherd-Themistocleous, The effect of real and virtual photons in the di-lepton channel at the LHC , Phys. Lett. B770 (2017) 1 [1612.08168]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

[10] [10]

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations

J. Alwall, R. Frederix, S. Frixione, V . Hirschi, F. Malt oni, O. Mattelaer et al., The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order diffe rential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations , JHEP 07 (2014) 079 [1405.0301]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

[11] [11]

A posteriori inclusion of parton density functions in NLO QCD final-state calculations at hadron colliders: The APPLGRID Project

T. Carli, D. Clements, A. Cooper-Sarkar, C. Gwenlan, G. P . Salam, F. Siegert et al.,A posteriori inclusion of parton density functions in NLO QCD ﬁnal-state calculations at hadron colliders: The APPLGRID Project, Eur . Phys. J.C66 (2010) 503 [ 0911.2985]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010

[12] [12]

aMCfast: automation of fast NLO computations for PDF fits

V . Bertone, R. Frederix, S. Frixione, J. Rojo and M. Sutt on, aMCfast: automation of fast NLO computations for PDF ﬁts , JHEP 08 (2014) 166 [ 1406.7693]. 5 DY AFB for PDF determination Juri Fiaschi

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

[13] [13]

J. C. Collins and D. E. Soper, Angular Distribution of Dileptons in High-Energy Hadron Co llisions, Phys. Rev. D16 (1977) 2219

work page 1977

[14] [14]

CMS collaboration, Search for physics beyond the standard model in dilepton mas s spectra in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 T eV, JHEP 04 (2015) 025 [1412.6302]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

[15] [15]

Hamberg, W

R. Hamberg, W . L. van Neerven and T. Matsuura, A complete calculation of the order α 2 s correction to the Drell-Y an K factor, Nucl. Phys. B359 (1991) 343

work page 1991

[16] [16]

R. V . Harlander and W . B. Kilgore, Next-to-next-to-leading order Higgs production at hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 201801 [ hep-ph/0201206]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2002

[17] [17]

PDF reweighting in the Hessian matrix approach

H. Paukkunen and P . Zurita, PDF reweighting in the Hessian matrix approach , JHEP 12 (2014) 100 [1402.6623]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

[18] [18]

New parton distribution functions from a global analysis of quantum chromodynamics

S. Dulat, T.-J. Hou, J. Gao, M. Guzzi, J. Huston, P . Nadol sky et al., New parton distribution functions from a global analysis of quantum chromodynamics , Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) 033006 [1506.07443]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

[19] [19]

NNPDF collaboration, Parton distributions from high-precision collider data, Eur . Phys. J.C77 (2017) 663 [1706.00428]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

[20] [20]

L. A. Harland-Lang, A. D. Martin, P . Motylinski and R. S. Thorne, Parton distributions in the LHC era: MMHT 2014 PDFs , Eur . Phys. J.C75 (2015) 204 [1412.3989]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014

[21] [21]

Parton Distribution Functions, $\alpha_s$ and Heavy-Quark Masses for LHC Run II

S. Alekhin, J. BlÃijmlein, S. Moch and R. Placakyte, Parton distribution functions, αs, and heavy-quark masses for LHC Run II , Phys. Rev. D96 (2017) 014011 [ 1701.05838]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

[22] [22]

ZEUS, H1 collaboration, Combination of measurements of inclusive deep inelastic e ± p scattering cross sections and QCD analysis of HERA data , Eur . Phys. J.C75 (2015) 580 [1506.06042]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

[23] [23]

ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of electron and muon pair-production in pp collisions at √ s = 7 T eV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 09 (2015) 049 [1503.03709]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

[24] [24]

CMS collaboration, Measurement of the weak mixing angle with the Drell-Y an process in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D84 (2011) 112002 [1110.2682]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2011

[25] [25]

LHC B collaboration, Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry in Z /γ ∗ → µ +µ − decays and determination of the effective weak mixing angle , JHEP 11 (2015) 190 [ 1509.07645]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

[26] [26]

Using Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry to reduce PDF uncertainties in the measurement of electroweak parameters

A. Bodek, J. Han, A. Khukhunaishvili and W . Sakumoto, Using Drellâ ˘A¸ SY an forwardâ˘A¸ Sbackward asymmetry to reduce PDF uncertainties in the measurement of electroweak parameters, Eur . Phys. J. C76 (2016) 115 [1507.02470]

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

[27] [27]

ATLAS collaboration, Measurement of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle usi ng electron and muon pairs from Z-boson decay in the ATLAS experiment at √ s = 8 T eV, ATLAS-CONF-2018-037 (2018)

work page 2018

[28] [28]

CMS collaboration, Measurement of the effective weak mixing angle sin 2θ lept e f f from the forward-backward asymmetry of Drell-Y an events at CMS, in 13th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2018) Palm Springs, Ca lifornia, USA, May 29-June 3, 2018 , 2018, [1808.03170]

work page arXiv 2018

[29] [29]

CMS collaboration, Measurement of the weak mixing angle using the forward-back ward asymmetry of Drell-Y an events in pp collisions at 8 T eV, Eur . Phys. J.C78 (2018) 701 [1806.00863]. 6

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018