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An excess of submm sources near 4C41.17: a candidate proto-cluster at z=3.8?
Astrophysics · Submitted 10 May 2000
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We propose that the over-densities of both submm and ERO sources in this field represent young dusty, starburst galaxies forming within a proto-cluster centered on the radio galaxy at z=3.8, which is also traced by a less-obscured population of Lyman-break galaxies.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Biased galaxy-formation theories predict that massive galaxies at high redshifts should act as signposts to high-density environments in the early Universe, which subsequently evolve into the cores of the richest clusters seen at the present day. These regions are characterised by over-densities of young galaxies, perhaps including a population of dusty, interaction-driven starbursts - the progenitors of massive cluster ellipticals. By searching for this population at submm wavelengths we can therefore test both galaxy- and structure-formation models. We have undertaken such a search in the field of a z=3.8 radio galaxy, 4C41.17, with the SCUBA submm camera. Our extremely deep 450- and 850-micron maps reveal an order-of-magnitude over-density of luminous submm galaxies compared to typical fields (the likelihood of finding such an over-density in a random field is <2E-3). The SCUBA galaxies have bolometric luminosities, >10^13 L(solar), which imply star-formation rates consistent with those required to form a massive galaxy in only a few 10^8 years. We also note that this field exhibits an over-density of extremely red objects (EROs), some of which may be associated with the submm sources, and Lyman-break galaxies. We propose that the over-densities of both submm and ERO sources in this field represent young dusty, starburst galaxies forming within a proto-cluster centered on the radio galaxy at z=3.8, which is also traced by a less-obscured population of Lyman-break galaxies.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Biased galaxy-formation theories predict that massive galaxies at high redshifts should act as signposts to high-density environments in the early Universe, which subsequently evolve into the cores of the richest clusters seen at the present day. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | asserted 0.74 |
| s1 | These regions are characterised by over-densities of young galaxies, perhaps including a population of dusty, interaction-driven starbursts - the progenitors of massive cluster ellipticals. | background 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.03 | hedged possibility 0.82 |
| s2 | By searching for this population at submm wavelengths we can therefore test both galaxy- and structure-formation models. | background 0.74 | 0.08 | 0.02 | asserted 0.59 |
| s3 | We have undertaken such a search in the field of a z=3.8 radio galaxy, 4C41.17, with the SCUBA submm camera. | contribution 0.54 | 0.97 | 0.02 | asserted 0.99 |
| s4 | Our extremely deep 450- and 850-micron maps reveal an order-of-magnitude over-density of luminous submm galaxies compared to typical fields (the likelihood of finding such an over-density in a random field is <2E-3). | result 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.18 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | The SCUBA galaxies have bolometric luminosities, >10^13 L(solar), which imply star-formation rates consistent with those required to form a massive galaxy in only a few 10^8 years. | result 0.70 | 0.89 | 0.05 | asserted 0.57 |
| s6 | We also note that this field exhibits an over-density of extremely red objects (EROs), some of which may be associated with the submm sources, and Lyman-break galaxies. | result 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.03 | hedged possibility 0.73 |
| s7 | We propose that the over-densities of both submm and ERO sources in this field represent young dusty, starburst galaxies forming within a proto-cluster centered on the radio galaxy at z=3.8, which is also traced by a less-obscured population of Lyman-break galaxies. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.96 | speculative 0.67 |
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Original abstract
Biased galaxy-formation theories predict that massive galaxies at high redshifts should act as signposts to high-density environments in the early Universe, which subsequently evolve into the cores of the richest clusters seen at the present day. These regions are characterised by over-densities of young galaxies, perhaps including a population of dusty, interaction-driven starbursts - the progenitors of massive cluster ellipticals. By searching for this population at submm wavelengths we can therefore test both galaxy- and structure-formation models. We have undertaken such a search in the field of a z=3.8 radio galaxy, 4C41.17, with the SCUBA submm camera. Our extremely deep 450- and 850-micron maps reveal an order-of-magnitude over-density of luminous submm galaxies compared to typical fields (the likelihood of finding such an over-density in a random field is <2E-3). The SCUBA galaxies have bolometric luminosities, >10^13 L(solar), which imply star-formation rates consistent with those required to form a massive galaxy in only a few 10^8 years. We also note that this field exhibits an over-density of extremely red objects (EROs), some of which may be associated with the submm sources, and Lyman-break galaxies. We propose that the over-densities of both submm and ERO sources in this field represent young dusty, starburst galaxies forming within a proto-cluster centered on the radio galaxy at z=3.8, which is also traced by a less-obscured population of Lyman-break galaxies.
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