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FIRBACK: III. Catalog, Source counts, and cosmological implications of the 170 micron ISO Deep survey

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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Herve Dole, Richard Gispert, Guilaine Lagache, Jean-Loup Puget, F.R. Bouchet, C. Cesarsky, P. Ciliegi, D. L. Clements
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M. Dennefeld, F-X Desert, D. Elbaz, A. Franceschini, B. Guiderdoni, M. Harwit, D. Lemke, A. F. M. Moorwood, S. Oliver, W. T. Reach, M. Rowan-Robinson, M. Stickel

Astrophysics · Submitted 27 Mar 2001

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim As a consequence, the confusion level is high and will impact dramatically on future IR deep surveys.

how it is stated · asserted 0.96 read the record →

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arXiv IDastro-ph/0103434 (version 1)
Pith IDFXRMKIT2, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationA. F. M. Moorwood, A. Franceschini, B. Guiderdoni, C. Cesarsky, D. Elbaz, D. L. Clements, D. Lemke, F.R. Bouchet, F-X Desert, Guilaine Lagache, Herve Dole, Jean-Loup Puget, M. Dennefeld, M. Harwit, M. Rowan-Robinson, M. Stickel, P. Ciliegi, Richard Gispert, S. Oliver, W. T. Reach. "FIRBACK: III. Catalog, Source counts, and cosmological implications of the 170 micron ISO Deep survey." arXiv:astro-ph/0103434 (2001). https://pith.science/paper/FXRMKIT2
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,834 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.78 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.16 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.83 · mentions code or data availability 0.03.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

The FIRBACK (Far Infrared BACKground) survey is one of the deepest imaging surveys carried out at 170 microns with ISOPHOT onboard ISO, and is aimed at the study of the structure of the Cosmic Far Infrared Background. This paper provides the analysis of resolved sources. After a validated process of data reduction and calibration, we perform intensive simulations to optimize the source extraction, measure the confusion noise (sigma_c = 45 mJy), and give the photometric and astrometric accuracies. 196 galaxies with flux S > 3 sigma_c are detected in the area of 3.89 square degrees. Counts of sources with flux S > 4 sigma_c present a steep slope of 3.3 +/- 0.6 on a differential "logN-logS" plot between 180 and 500 mJy. As a consequence, the confusion level is high and will impact dramatically on future IR deep surveys. This strong evolution, compared with a slope of 2.5 from Euclidian geometry, is in line with models implying a strongly evolving Luminous Infrared Galaxy population. The resolved sources account for less than 10% of the Cosmic Infrared Background at 170 microns, which is expected to be resolved into sources in the 1 to 10 mJy range.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 The FIRBACK (Far Infrared BACKground) survey is one of the deepest imaging surveys carried out at 170 microns with ISOPHOT onboard ISO, and is aimed at the study of the structure of the Cosmic Far Infrared Background. background 0.81 0.30 0.03 asserted 1.00
s1 This paper provides the analysis of resolved sources. contribution 1.00 0.78 0.04 asserted 0.97
s2 After a validated process of data reduction and calibration, we perform intensive simulations to optimize the source extraction, measure the confusion noise (sigma_c = 45 mJy), and give the photometric and astrometric accuracies. 196 galaxies with flux S > 3 sigma_c are detected in the area of 3.89 square degrees. method 0.71 0.97 0.08 asserted 1.00
s3 Counts of sources with flux S > 4 sigma_c present a steep slope of 3.3 +/- 0.6 on a differential "logN-logS" plot between 180 and 500 mJy. result 1.00 0.95 0.20 asserted 1.00
s4 As a consequence, the confusion level is high and will impact dramatically on future IR deep surveys. interpretation 0.97 0.73 0.27 asserted 0.96
s5 This strong evolution, compared with a slope of 2.5 from Euclidian geometry, is in line with models implying a strongly evolving Luminous Infrared Galaxy population. interpretation 1.00 0.49 0.23 hedged possibility 0.65
s6 The resolved sources account for less than 10% of the Cosmic Infrared Background at 170 microns, which is expected to be resolved into sources in the 1 to 10 mJy range. result 0.78 0.79 0.18 asserted 0.81

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 0.52 · evidence from observation or experiment 0.66.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v1
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

The FIRBACK (Far Infrared BACKground) survey is one of the deepest imaging surveys carried out at 170 microns with ISOPHOT onboard ISO, and is aimed at the study of the structure of the Cosmic Far Infrared Background. This paper provides the analysis of resolved sources. After a validated process of data reduction and calibration, we perform intensive simulations to optimize the source extraction, measure the confusion noise (sigma_c = 45 mJy), and give the photometric and astrometric accuracies. 196 galaxies with flux S > 3 sigma_c are detected in the area of 3.89 square degrees. Counts of sources with flux S > 4 sigma_c present a steep slope of 3.3 +/- 0.6 on a differential "logN-logS" plot between 180 and 500 mJy. As a consequence, the confusion level is high and will impact dramatically on future IR deep surveys. This strong evolution, compared with a slope of 2.5 from Euclidian geometry, is in line with models implying a strongly evolving Luminous Infrared Galaxy population. The resolved sources account for less than 10% of the Cosmic Infrared Background at 170 microns, which is expected to be resolved into sources in the 1 to 10 mJy range.

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