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Sloan Digital Sky Survey Spectroscopic Lens Search. I. Discovery of Intermediate-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies Behind Foreground Luminous Red Galaxies

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Adam S. Bolton, Scott Burles, David J. Schlegel, Daniel J. Eisenstein, J. Brinkmann

Astrophysics · Submitted 3 Nov 2003

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim This multiline selection eliminates the ambiguity of single-line identification and provides a very promising sample of candidate galaxy-galaxy lens systems at low to intermediate redshift, with foreground redshifts ranging from 0.16 to 0.49 and background redshifts from 0.25 to 0.81.

how it is stated · asserted 0.84 read the record →

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arXiv IDastro-ph/0311055 (version 2)
Pith IDJRST4FAE, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationAdam S. Bolton, Daniel J. Eisenstein, David J. Schlegel, J. Brinkmann, Scott Burles. "Sloan Digital Sky Survey Spectroscopic Lens Search. I. Discovery of Intermediate-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies Behind Foreground Luminous Red Galaxies." arXiv:astro-ph/0311055 (2003). https://pith.science/paper/JRST4FAE
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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,778 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.06 · states limitation 0.35 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.98 · compares with prior results 0.74 · mentions code or data availability 0.03.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We present a catalog of 49 spectroscopic strong gravitational lens candidates selected from a Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample of 50996 luminous red galaxies. Potentially lensed star-forming galaxies are detected through the presence of background oxygen and hydrogen nebular emission lines in the spectra of these massive foreground galaxies. This multiline selection eliminates the ambiguity of single-line identification and provides a very promising sample of candidate galaxy-galaxy lens systems at low to intermediate redshift, with foreground redshifts ranging from 0.16 to 0.49 and background redshifts from 0.25 to 0.81. Any lenses confirmed within our sample would be important new probes of early-type galaxy mass distributions, providing complementary constraints to those obtained from currently known lensed high-redshift quasars.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We present a catalog of 49 spectroscopic strong gravitational lens candidates selected from a Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample of 50996 luminous red galaxies. contribution 0.80 0.96 0.25 asserted 1.00
s1 Potentially lensed star-forming galaxies are detected through the presence of background oxygen and hydrogen nebular emission lines in the spectra of these massive foreground galaxies. method 0.92 0.86 0.09 asserted 0.63
s2 This multiline selection eliminates the ambiguity of single-line identification and provides a very promising sample of candidate galaxy-galaxy lens systems at low to intermediate redshift, with foreground redshifts ranging from 0.16 to 0.49 and background redshifts from 0.25 to 0.81. method 0.40 0.89 0.19 asserted 0.84
s3 Any lenses confirmed within our sample would be important new probes of early-type galaxy mass distributions, providing complementary constraints to those obtained from currently known lensed high-redshift quasars. interpretation 0.99 0.10 0.17 hedged possibility 0.80

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: dataset or benchmark 0.97 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.81.

What was examined, and what was not

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  • full text
  • figures and tables
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  • P abstract
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  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We present a catalog of 49 spectroscopic strong gravitational lens candidates selected from a Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample of 50996 luminous red galaxies. Potentially lensed star-forming galaxies are detected through the presence of background oxygen and hydrogen nebular emission lines in the spectra of these massive foreground galaxies. This multiline selection eliminates the ambiguity of single-line identification and provides a very promising sample of candidate galaxy-galaxy lens systems at low to intermediate redshift, with foreground redshifts ranging from 0.16 to 0.49 and background redshifts from 0.25 to 0.81. Any lenses confirmed within our sample would be important new probes of early-type galaxy mass distributions, providing complementary constraints to those obtained from currently known lensed high-redshift quasars.

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