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Massive Dark-matter halos and Evolution of Early-type Galaxies to z=1

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Tommaso Treu (UCLA/Caltech), Leon V.E. Koopmans (STScI/Caltech)

Astrophysics · Submitted 19 Jan 2004

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Hence, the isothermal approximation is not sufficiently accurate for applications that depend critically on the slope of the mass density profile (i.e. measuring H_0).

how it is stated · asserted 0.98 read the record →

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arXiv IDastro-ph/0401373 (version 2)
Pith IDNVV5TAYF, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationLeon V.E. Koopmans (STScI/Caltech), Tommaso Treu (UCLA/Caltech). "Massive Dark-matter halos and Evolution of Early-type Galaxies to z=1." arXiv:astro-ph/0401373 (2004). https://pith.science/paper/NVV5TAYF
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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 9,392 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.87 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.22 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.96 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

(Shortened) The combination of lensing and stellar dynamics breaks the mass-anisotropy degeneracy and provides stringent constraints on the mass distribution in early-type (E/S0) galaxies out to z~1. We present the combined results from the five field E/S0 lens galaxies at z=0.5-1.0 analyzed as part of the LSD Survey. We find: (i) Constant M/L models are ruled out at >99% CL for all five E/S0s. The projected dark-matter mass fractions inside the Einstein (effective) radius is f_DM=0.37-0.72 (0.15-0.65) for isotropic models. (ii) The average power-law slope of the total mass distribution is <\gamma'>=1.75+-0.10 for isotropic models with 0.20 rms scatter. The ratio between the observed central stellar velocity dispersion and that from the best-fit SIE lens model is <f_SIE>=<\sigma/\sigma_SIE>=0.87+-0.04 with 0.08 rms. Considering that \gamma'>2 and f_SIE>1 have been reported for other systems, we conclude that there is a significant intrinsic scatter in the density slopes of E/S0s (rms \~15%). Hence, the isothermal approximation is not sufficiently accurate for applications that depend critically on the slope of the mass density profile (i.e. measuring H_0). (iii) The inner power-law slope of the dark-matter halo is constrained to be <\gamma>=1.3(+0.2/-0.4) (68% CL) for the isotropic model or an upper limit of \gamma<0.6, if the galaxies are radially anisotropic (r_i=R_e). This is consistent with numerical simulations only for an isotropic velocity ellipsoid and if baryonic collapse and star-formation do not steepen dark-matter density profiles. (iv) The average stellar M/L evolves as d\log(M_*/L_B)/dz =-0.72+-0.10, obtained via the FP. Based on lensing and dynamics we find d\log(M_*/L_B)/dz=-0.75+-0.17, indicating that the M/L ratio evolution for our sample of field E/S0s is faster than those in clusters.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 (Shortened) The combination of lensing and stellar dynamics breaks the mass-anisotropy degeneracy and provides stringent constraints on the mass distribution in early-type (E/S0) galaxies out to z~1. background 0.71 0.21 0.24 asserted 1.00
s1 We present the combined results from the five field E/S0 lens galaxies at z=0.5-1.0 analyzed as part of the LSD Survey. contribution 0.98 0.90 0.04 asserted 0.95
s2 We find: (i) Constant M/L models are ruled out at >99% CL for all five E/S0s. result 1.00 0.96 0.20 asserted 1.00
s3 The projected dark-matter mass fractions inside the Einstein (effective) radius is f_DM=0.37-0.72 (0.15-0.65) for isotropic models. result 1.00 0.94 0.14 asserted 1.00
s4 (ii) The average power-law slope of the total mass distribution is <\gamma'>=1.75+-0.10 for isotropic models with 0.20 rms scatter. result 1.00 0.95 0.12 asserted 1.00
s5 The ratio between the observed central stellar velocity dispersion and that from the best-fit SIE lens model is <f_SIE>=<\sigma/\sigma_SIE>=0.87+-0.04 with 0.08 rms. result 1.00 0.94 0.06 asserted 1.00
s6 Considering that \gamma'>2 and f_SIE>1 have been reported for other systems, we conclude that there is a significant intrinsic scatter in the density slopes of E/S0s (rms \~15%). interpretation 0.94 0.39 0.18 asserted 0.99
s7 Hence, the isothermal approximation is not sufficiently accurate for applications that depend critically on the slope of the mass density profile (i.e. measuring H_0). interpretation 0.99 0.50 0.25 asserted 0.98
s8 (iii) The inner power-law slope of the dark-matter halo is constrained to be <\gamma>=1.3(+0.2/-0.4) (68% CL) for the isotropic model or an upper limit of \gamma<0.6, if the galaxies are radially anisotropic (r_i=R_e). result 1.00 0.93 0.14 asserted 0.97
s9 This is consistent with numerical simulations only for an isotropic velocity ellipsoid and if baryonic collapse and star-formation do not steepen dark-matter density profiles. interpretation 0.98 0.16 0.08 hedged possibility 0.94
s10 (iv) The average stellar M/L evolves as d\log(M_*/L_B)/dz =-0.72+-0.10, obtained via the FP. result 1.00 0.93 0.10 asserted 1.00
s11 Based on lensing and dynamics we find d\log(M_*/L_B)/dz=-0.75+-0.17, indicating that the M/L ratio evolution for our sample of field E/S0s is faster than those in clusters. result 0.89 0.97 0.17 asserted 0.68

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 0.64.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v2
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

(Shortened) The combination of lensing and stellar dynamics breaks the mass-anisotropy degeneracy and provides stringent constraints on the mass distribution in early-type (E/S0) galaxies out to z~1. We present the combined results from the five field E/S0 lens galaxies at z=0.5-1.0 analyzed as part of the LSD Survey. We find: (i) Constant M/L models are ruled out at >99% CL for all five E/S0s. The projected dark-matter mass fractions inside the Einstein (effective) radius is f_DM=0.37-0.72 (0.15-0.65) for isotropic models. (ii) The average power-law slope of the total mass distribution is <\gamma'>=1.75+-0.10 for isotropic models with 0.20 rms scatter. The ratio between the observed central stellar velocity dispersion and that from the best-fit SIE lens model is <f_SIE>=<\sigma/\sigma_SIE>=0.87+-0.04 with 0.08 rms. Considering that \gamma'>2 and f_SIE>1 have been reported for other systems, we conclude that there is a significant intrinsic scatter in the density slopes of E/S0s (rms \~15%). Hence, the isothermal approximation is not sufficiently accurate for applications that depend critically on the slope of the mass density profile (i.e. measuring H_0). (iii) The inner power-law slope of the dark-matter halo is constrained to be <\gamma>=1.3(+0.2/-0.4) (68% CL) for the isotropic model or an upper limit of \gamma<0.6, if the galaxies are radially anisotropic (r_i=R_e). This is consistent with numerical simulations only for an isotropic velocity ellipsoid and if baryonic collapse and star-formation do not steepen dark-matter density profiles. (iv) The average stellar M/L evolves as d\log(M_*/L_B)/dz =-0.72+-0.10, obtained via the FP. Based on lensing and dynamics we find d\log(M_*/L_B)/dz=-0.75+-0.17, indicating that the M/L ratio evolution for our sample of field E/S0s is faster than those in clusters.

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References
How later papers used it

74 later papers cite it

Evidence: some. 52 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 12 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 8 of the 99 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

Uses its method or tool 1 of 6 papers with this label · 1 by the same authors

By the same authors

How the literature uses it

10 arXiv papers cite this in 11 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 5 sentences without a confident label

Uses its data or values 2 papers
Cites it as support 2 papers
  • The interpretation gains support from discrepancies observed in the relative astrometric shifts of lensed extended images [ref] .

    Measuring Line-of-sight Distances to Haloes with Astrometric Lensing B-mode · Introduction · 0.98

  • Of course, translating kinematic data into estimates of gravitational potential has its own uncertainties and degeneracies (e.g. the mass anisotropy degeneracy for pressure supported systems), but the combination of the two datasets in the context of a single mass model has been proven to be very effective [ref] .

    Time Delay Cosmography · The role of stellar kinematics · 0.98

Cites it as background 2 papers

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