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Astrophysical Origins of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays
Astrophysics · Submitted 16 Feb 2004
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these particles. We then briefly discuss the status of the chemical composition and the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. After that, we examine the energy losses during propagation, introducing the Greisen-Zaptsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, and discuss the level of confidence with which each experiment have detected particles beyond the GZK energy limit. In the second part of the review, we discuss astrophysical environments able to accelerate particles up to such high energies, including active galactic nuclei, large scale galactic wind termination shocks, relativistic jets and hot-spots of Fanaroff-Riley radiogalaxies, pulsars, magnetars, quasar remnants, starbursts, colliding galaxies, and gamma ray burst fireballs. In the third part of the review we provide a brief summary of scenarios which try to explain the super-GZK events with the help of new physics beyond the standard model. In the last section, we give an overview on neutrino telescopes and existing limits on the energy spectrum and discuss some of the prospects for a new (multi-particle) astronomy. Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. | contribution 0.71 | 0.15 | 0.02 | unclear 0.55 |
| s1 | We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these particles. | method 0.58 | 0.15 | 0.02 | asserted 0.87 |
| s2 | We then briefly discuss the status of the chemical composition and the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. | contribution 0.52 | 0.11 | 0.02 | unclear 0.64 |
| s3 | After that, we examine the energy losses during propagation, introducing the Greisen-Zaptsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, and discuss the level of confidence with which each experiment have detected particles beyond the GZK energy limit. | contribution 0.54 | 0.15 | 0.04 | asserted 0.70 |
| s4 | In the second part of the review, we discuss astrophysical environments able to accelerate particles up to such high energies, including active galactic nuclei, large scale galactic wind termination shocks, relativistic jets and hot-spots of Fanaroff-Riley radiogalaxies, pulsars, magnetars, quasar remnants, starbursts, colliding galaxies, and gamma ray burst fireballs. | contribution 0.85 | 0.13 | 0.06 | asserted 0.55 |
| s5 | In the third part of the review we provide a brief summary of scenarios which try to explain the super-GZK events with the help of new physics beyond the standard model. | contribution 0.79 | 0.27 | 0.05 | asserted 0.52 |
| s6 | In the last section, we give an overview on neutrino telescopes and existing limits on the energy spectrum and discuss some of the prospects for a new (multi-particle) astronomy. | contribution 0.58 | 0.16 | 0.05 | asserted 0.59 |
| s7 | Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale. | future work 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.08 | hedged possibility 0.40 |
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The paper
Original abstract
In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these particles. We then briefly discuss the status of the chemical composition and the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. After that, we examine the energy losses during propagation, introducing the Greisen-Zaptsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, and discuss the level of confidence with which each experiment have detected particles beyond the GZK energy limit. In the second part of the review, we discuss astrophysical environments able to accelerate particles up to such high energies, including active galactic nuclei, large scale galactic wind termination shocks, relativistic jets and hot-spots of Fanaroff-Riley radiogalaxies, pulsars, magnetars, quasar remnants, starbursts, colliding galaxies, and gamma ray burst fireballs. In the third part of the review we provide a brief summary of scenarios which try to explain the super-GZK events with the help of new physics beyond the standard model. In the last section, we give an overview on neutrino telescopes and existing limits on the energy spectrum and discuss some of the prospects for a new (multi-particle) astronomy. Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale.
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References
How the literature uses it
9 arXiv papers cite this in 9 sentences
Papers citing it · 2 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as background 7 papers
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A number of astrophysical sources have been proposed where acceleration of cosmic rays up to the highest energies can take place (see e.g. Refs. [ref] for reviews and summary).
Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays: Updated Hillas plot and radiation-loss constraints · Magnetic fields in particular sources · 0.99
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Despite the fact that the existence of particles with energies reaching $10^20$ eV has been known for over 50 years [ref] , their origin continues to be an intriguing puzzle [ref] .
Summary Report of JEM-EUSO Workshop at KICP in Chicago · Introduction · 0.91
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A plethora of explanations have been proposed to address the production mechanism of cosmic rays beyond the dip [ref] .
In Search for Extraterrestrial High Energy Neutrinos · COSMIC RAY $⇌$ NEUTRINO CONNECTION · 0.96
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