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The unfriendly ISM in the radio galaxy 4C12.50 (PKS 1345+12)
Astrophysics · Submitted 1 Jun 2004
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim The VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in 4C12.50 suggests that HI detected near the systemic velocity (as it is often the case in radio galaxies) may not necessarily be connected with a circumnuclear disk or torus (as is very often assumed) but instead could be a tracer of the large-scale medium that surrounds the active nucleus and that may influence the growth of the young radio source.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The radio source 4C12.50 has often been suggested to be a prime candidate for the link between ultraluminous infrared galaxies and young radio galaxies. A VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in the nuclear regions of this object shows that most of the gas detected close to the systemic velocity is associated with an off-nuclear cloud (~50 to 100 pc from the radio core) with a column density of ~10^22 T_spin/100 K) cm^(-2) and an HI mass of a few times 10^5 to 10^6 M_sun. We consider a number of possibilities to explain the results. In particular, we discus the possibility that this cloud indicates the presence of a rich and clumpy interstellar medium in the centre, likely left over from the merger that triggered the activity and that this medium influences the growth of the radio source. The location of the cloud -- at the edge of the northern radio jet/lobe -- suggests that the radio jet might be interacting with a gas cloud. This interaction could be responsible for bending the young radio jet. The velocity profile of the gas is relatively broad (~150$ km/s) and we interpret this as kinematical evidence for interaction of the radio plasma with the cloud. We also consider the model where the cloud is part of a broader circumnuclear structure. Only a limited region of this structure would have sufficient background radio brightness and large enough column depth in neutral gas to obtain detectable HI absorption against the counterjet. The VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in 4C12.50 suggests that HI detected near the systemic velocity (as it is often the case in radio galaxies) may not necessarily be connected with a circumnuclear disk or torus (as is very often assumed) but instead could be a tracer of the large-scale medium that surrounds the active nucleus and that may influence the growth of the young radio source.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The radio source 4C12.50 has often been suggested to be a prime candidate for the link between ultraluminous infrared galaxies and young radio galaxies. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | hedged possibility 0.95 |
| s1 | A VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in the nuclear regions of this object shows that most of the gas detected close to the systemic velocity is associated with an off-nuclear cloud (~50 to 100 pc from the radio core) with a column density of ~10^22 T_spin/100 K) cm^(-2) and an HI mass of a few times 10^5 to 10^6 M_sun. | result 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.11 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | We consider a number of possibilities to explain the results. | interpretation 0.61 | 0.38 | 0.02 | unclear 0.76 |
| s3 | In particular, we discus the possibility that this cloud indicates the presence of a rich and clumpy interstellar medium in the centre, likely left over from the merger that triggered the activity and that this medium influences the growth of the radio source. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.22 | hedged possibility 0.98 |
| s4 | The location of the cloud -- at the edge of the northern radio jet/lobe -- suggests that the radio jet might be interacting with a gas cloud. | interpretation 0.71 | 0.77 | 0.06 | hedged possibility 0.84 |
| s5 | This interaction could be responsible for bending the young radio jet. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.08 | hedged possibility 0.87 |
| s6 | The velocity profile of the gas is relatively broad (~150$ km/s) and we interpret this as kinematical evidence for interaction of the radio plasma with the cloud. | interpretation 0.83 | 0.91 | 0.10 | asserted 0.52 |
| s7 | We also consider the model where the cloud is part of a broader circumnuclear structure. | interpretation 0.93 | 0.40 | 0.04 | hedged possibility 0.57 |
| s8 | Only a limited region of this structure would have sufficient background radio brightness and large enough column depth in neutral gas to obtain detectable HI absorption against the counterjet. | interpretation 0.90 | 0.55 | 0.06 | asserted 0.77 |
| s9 | The VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in 4C12.50 suggests that HI detected near the systemic velocity (as it is often the case in radio galaxies) may not necessarily be connected with a circumnuclear disk or torus (as is very often assumed) but instead could be a tracer of the large-scale medium that surrounds the active nucleus and that may influence the growth of the young radio source. | interpretation 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.83 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
The radio source 4C12.50 has often been suggested to be a prime candidate for the link between ultraluminous infrared galaxies and young radio galaxies. A VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in the nuclear regions of this object shows that most of the gas detected close to the systemic velocity is associated with an off-nuclear cloud (~50 to 100 pc from the radio core) with a column density of ~10^22 T_spin/100 K) cm^(-2) and an HI mass of a few times 10^5 to 10^6 M_sun. We consider a number of possibilities to explain the results. In particular, we discus the possibility that this cloud indicates the presence of a rich and clumpy interstellar medium in the centre, likely left over from the merger that triggered the activity and that this medium influences the growth of the radio source. The location of the cloud -- at the edge of the northern radio jet/lobe -- suggests that the radio jet might be interacting with a gas cloud. This interaction could be responsible for bending the young radio jet. The velocity profile of the gas is relatively broad (~150$ km/s) and we interpret this as kinematical evidence for interaction of the radio plasma with the cloud. We also consider the model where the cloud is part of a broader circumnuclear structure. Only a limited region of this structure would have sufficient background radio brightness and large enough column depth in neutral gas to obtain detectable HI absorption against the counterjet. The VLBI study of the neutral hydrogen in 4C12.50 suggests that HI detected near the systemic velocity (as it is often the case in radio galaxies) may not necessarily be connected with a circumnuclear disk or torus (as is very often assumed) but instead could be a tracer of the large-scale medium that surrounds the active nucleus and that may influence the growth of the young radio source.
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