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High Energy Neutrino Emission and Neutrino Background from Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Internal Shock Model

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Kohta Murase, Shigehiro Nagataki

Astrophysics · Submitted 12 Dec 2005

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We find that the obtained neutrino background can be comparable with the prediction of Waxman & Bahcall, although our ground in estimation is different from theirs.

how it is stated · asserted 0.97 read the record →

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arXiv IDastro-ph/0512275 (version 2)
Pith IDPBQNWW56, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationKohta Murase, Shigehiro Nagataki. "High Energy Neutrino Emission and Neutrino Background from Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Internal Shock Model." arXiv:astro-ph/0512275 (2005). https://pith.science/paper/PBQNWW56
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 8,886 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.71 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.08 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.17 · compares with prior results 0.96 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

High energy neutrino emission from GRBs is discussed. In this paper, by using the simulation kit GEANT4, we calculate proton cooling efficiency including pion-multiplicity and proton-inelasticity in photomeson production. First, we estimate the maximum energy of accelerated protons in GRBs. Using the obtained results, neutrino flux from one burst and a diffuse neutrino background are evaluated quantitatively. We also take account of cooling processes of pion and muon, which are crucial for resulting neutrino spectra. We confirm the validity of analytic approximate treatments on GRB fiducial parameter sets, but also find that the effects of multiplicity and high-inelasticity can be important on both proton cooling and resulting spectra in some cases. Finally, assuming that the GRB rate traces the star formation rate, we obtain a diffuse neutrino background spectrum from GRBs for specific parameter sets. We introduce the nonthermal baryon-loading factor, rather than assume that GRBs are main sources of UHECRs. We find that the obtained neutrino background can be comparable with the prediction of Waxman & Bahcall, although our ground in estimation is different from theirs. In this paper, we study on various parameters since there are many parameters in the model. The detection of high energy neutrinos from GRBs will be one of the strong evidences that protons are accelerated to very high energy in GRBs. Furthermore, the observations of a neutrino background has a possibility not only to test the internal shock model of GRBs but also to give us information about parameters in the model and whether GRBs are sources of UHECRs or not.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 High energy neutrino emission from GRBs is discussed. background 0.53 0.38 0.03 asserted 0.73
s1 In this paper, by using the simulation kit GEANT4, we calculate proton cooling efficiency including pion-multiplicity and proton-inelasticity in photomeson production. method 0.98 0.96 0.03 asserted 1.00
s2 First, we estimate the maximum energy of accelerated protons in GRBs. method 0.74 0.91 0.02 asserted 0.73
s3 Using the obtained results, neutrino flux from one burst and a diffuse neutrino background are evaluated quantitatively. contribution 0.44 0.95 0.09 asserted 1.00
s4 We also take account of cooling processes of pion and muon, which are crucial for resulting neutrino spectra. method 0.90 0.80 0.04 asserted 1.00
s5 We confirm the validity of analytic approximate treatments on GRB fiducial parameter sets, but also find that the effects of multiplicity and high-inelasticity can be important on both proton cooling and resulting spectra in some cases. result 0.95 0.96 0.26 asserted 0.99
s6 Finally, assuming that the GRB rate traces the star formation rate, we obtain a diffuse neutrino background spectrum from GRBs for specific parameter sets. result 0.78 0.96 0.13 asserted 1.00
s7 We introduce the nonthermal baryon-loading factor, rather than assume that GRBs are main sources of UHECRs. contribution 0.62 0.86 0.06 asserted 0.97
s8 We find that the obtained neutrino background can be comparable with the prediction of Waxman & Bahcall, although our ground in estimation is different from theirs. result 0.94 0.92 0.28 asserted 0.97
s9 In this paper, we study on various parameters since there are many parameters in the model. contribution 0.52 0.83 0.02 asserted 0.95
s10 The detection of high energy neutrinos from GRBs will be one of the strong evidences that protons are accelerated to very high energy in GRBs. interpretation 0.94 0.13 0.18 hedged possibility 0.61
s11 Furthermore, the observations of a neutrino background has a possibility not only to test the internal shock model of GRBs but also to give us information about parameters in the model and whether GRBs are sources of UHECRs or not. interpretation 0.95 0.16 0.22 hedged possibility 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 0.99 · evidence from simulation or computation 1.00.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v2
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

High energy neutrino emission from GRBs is discussed. In this paper, by using the simulation kit GEANT4, we calculate proton cooling efficiency including pion-multiplicity and proton-inelasticity in photomeson production. First, we estimate the maximum energy of accelerated protons in GRBs. Using the obtained results, neutrino flux from one burst and a diffuse neutrino background are evaluated quantitatively. We also take account of cooling processes of pion and muon, which are crucial for resulting neutrino spectra. We confirm the validity of analytic approximate treatments on GRB fiducial parameter sets, but also find that the effects of multiplicity and high-inelasticity can be important on both proton cooling and resulting spectra in some cases. Finally, assuming that the GRB rate traces the star formation rate, we obtain a diffuse neutrino background spectrum from GRBs for specific parameter sets. We introduce the nonthermal baryon-loading factor, rather than assume that GRBs are main sources of UHECRs. We find that the obtained neutrino background can be comparable with the prediction of Waxman & Bahcall, although our ground in estimation is different from theirs. In this paper, we study on various parameters since there are many parameters in the model. The detection of high energy neutrinos from GRBs will be one of the strong evidences that protons are accelerated to very high energy in GRBs. Furthermore, the observations of a neutrino background has a possibility not only to test the internal shock model of GRBs but also to give us information about parameters in the model and whether GRBs are sources of UHECRs or not.

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References
How the literature uses it

25 arXiv papers cite this in 36 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 29 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 2 papers
Cites it as background 5 papers
  • Many papers discuss the neutrino emission from one specific source class by adopting a model-dependent approach, for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) [ref] , star-forming galaxies [ref] , gamma-ray bursts [ref] , galaxy clusters [ref] , and dark matter decays [ref] .

    Tomographic Constraints on High-Energy Neutrinos of Hadronuclear Origin · Introduction · 0.98

  • Many sources that may have large neutrino fluxes have been proposed, e.g., jets [ref] and cores [ref] of active galactic nuclei, the prompt [ref] and afterglow [ref] phases of gamma-ray bursts, newly-born neutron stars [ref] , early supernovae [ref] , starburst galaxies [ref] , and large-scale structures and galaxy clusters [ref] .

    Demystifying the PeV Cascades in IceCube: Less (Energy) is More (Events) · Astrophysical neutrinos: plausible · 0.97

  • Transient astrophysical phenomena such as blazar flares [ref] , $γ$-ray bursts (GRBs) [ref] , tidal disruption events [ref] and supernovae [ref] are among the promising sources of high-energy neutrinos.

    Light curves of BSM-induced neutrino echoes in the optically-thin limit · Introduction · 0.87

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