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Two Populations of Young Massive Star Clusters in Arp 220

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Christine D. Wilson, William E. Harris, Rebecca Longden, N. Z. Scoville

Astrophysics · Submitted 15 Dec 2005

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim These masses are high enough that the clusters being formed in the Arp 220 starburst can be considered as genuine young globular clusters.

how it is stated · asserted 0.93 read the record →

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arXiv IDastro-ph/0512383 (version 1)
Pith IDLJXS2HQR, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationChristine D. Wilson, N. Z. Scoville, Rebecca Longden, William E. Harris. "Two Populations of Young Massive Star Clusters in Arp 220." arXiv:astro-ph/0512383 (2005). https://pith.science/paper/LJXS2HQR
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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 6,311 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.49 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.04 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.68 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We present new optical observations of young massive star clusters in Arp 220, the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy, taken in UBVI with the Hubble Space Telescope ACS/HRC camera. We find a total of 206 probable clusters whose spatial distribution is centrally concentrated toward the nucleus of Arp 220. We use model star cluster tracks to determine ages, luminosities, and masses for 14 clusters with complete UBVI indices or previously published near-infrared data. We estimate rough masses for 24 additional clusters with I < 24 mag from BVI indices alone. The clusters with useful ages fall into two distinct groups: a ``young'' population (< 10 Myr) and an intermediate-age population (~300 Myr). There are many clusters with masses clearly above 10^6 Msun and possibly even above 10^7 Msun in the most extreme instances. These masses are high enough that the clusters being formed in the Arp 220 starburst can be considered as genuine young globular clusters. In addition, this study allows us to extend the observed correlation between global star formation rate and maximum cluster luminosity by more than an order of magnitude in star formation rate.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We present new optical observations of young massive star clusters in Arp 220, the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy, taken in UBVI with the Hubble Space Telescope ACS/HRC camera. method 0.63 0.97 0.02 asserted 0.98
s1 We find a total of 206 probable clusters whose spatial distribution is centrally concentrated toward the nucleus of Arp 220. result 1.00 0.97 0.09 asserted 1.00
s2 We use model star cluster tracks to determine ages, luminosities, and masses for 14 clusters with complete UBVI indices or previously published near-infrared data. method 0.99 0.96 0.03 asserted 1.00
s3 We estimate rough masses for 24 additional clusters with I < 24 mag from BVI indices alone. method 0.93 0.95 0.02 asserted 0.94
s4 The clusters with useful ages fall into two distinct groups: a ``young'' population (< 10 Myr) and an intermediate-age population (~300 Myr). result 1.00 0.94 0.54 asserted 1.00
s5 There are many clusters with masses clearly above 10^6 Msun and possibly even above 10^7 Msun in the most extreme instances. result 1.00 0.91 0.13 hedged possibility 0.64
s6 These masses are high enough that the clusters being formed in the Arp 220 starburst can be considered as genuine young globular clusters. interpretation 1.00 0.77 0.42 asserted 0.93
s7 In addition, this study allows us to extend the observed correlation between global star formation rate and maximum cluster luminosity by more than an order of magnitude in star formation rate. result 0.88 0.85 0.12 asserted 0.97

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 1.00.

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  • C citations
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We present new optical observations of young massive star clusters in Arp 220, the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy, taken in UBVI with the Hubble Space Telescope ACS/HRC camera. We find a total of 206 probable clusters whose spatial distribution is centrally concentrated toward the nucleus of Arp 220. We use model star cluster tracks to determine ages, luminosities, and masses for 14 clusters with complete UBVI indices or previously published near-infrared data. We estimate rough masses for 24 additional clusters with I < 24 mag from BVI indices alone. The clusters with useful ages fall into two distinct groups: a ``young'' population (< 10 Myr) and an intermediate-age population (~300 Myr). There are many clusters with masses clearly above 10^6 Msun and possibly even above 10^7 Msun in the most extreme instances. These masses are high enough that the clusters being formed in the Arp 220 starburst can be considered as genuine young globular clusters. In addition, this study allows us to extend the observed correlation between global star formation rate and maximum cluster luminosity by more than an order of magnitude in star formation rate.

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