Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE DMR First-Year Sky Maps

A. Banday; A. Kogut; C. L. Bennett; C. Lineweaver; et al; G.F. Smoot

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Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE DMR First-Year Sky Maps

A. Kogut, C. Lineweaver, G.F. Smoot, C. L. Bennett, A. Banday, et al

Astrophysics · Submitted 23 Dec 1993

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Data from the six DMR channels are consistent with a Doppler-shifted Planck function of dipole amplitude Delta T = 3.365 +/-0.027 mK toward direction (l,b) = (264.4 +/- 0.3 deg, 48.4 +/- 0.5 deg).

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arXiv IDastro-ph/9312056 (version 1)

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CitationA. Banday, A. Kogut, C. L. Bennett, C. Lineweaver, et al, G.F. Smoot. "Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE DMR First-Year Sky Maps." arXiv:astro-ph/9312056 (1993). https://pith.science/paper/QUMC2CJH

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.10 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.04 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.09 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

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arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We present a determination of the cosmic microwave background dipole amplitude and direction from the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) first year of data. Data from the six DMR channels are consistent with a Doppler-shifted Planck function of dipole amplitude Delta T = 3.365 +/-0.027 mK toward direction (l,b) = (264.4 +/- 0.3 deg, 48.4 +/- 0.5 deg). The implied velocity of the Local Group with respect to the CMB rest frame is 627 +/- 22 km/s toward (l,b) = (276 +/- 3 deg, 30 +/- 3 deg). DMR has also mapped the dipole anisotropy resulting from the Earth's orbital motion about the Solar system barycenter, yielding a measurement of the monopole CMB temperature at 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz, to be 2.75 +/- 0.05 K.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We present a determination of the cosmic microwave background dipole amplitude and direction from the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) first year of data.	contribution 1.00	0.96	0.20	asserted 0.94
s1	Data from the six DMR channels are consistent with a Doppler-shifted Planck function of dipole amplitude Delta T = 3.365 +/-0.027 mK toward direction (l,b) = (264.4 +/- 0.3 deg, 48.4 +/- 0.5 deg).	result 1.00	0.92	0.51	hedged possibility 0.89
s2	The implied velocity of the Local Group with respect to the CMB rest frame is 627 +/- 22 km/s toward (l,b) = (276 +/- 3 deg, 30 +/- 3 deg).	interpretation 0.65	0.93	0.25	asserted 1.00
s3	DMR has also mapped the dipole anisotropy resulting from the Earth's orbital motion about the Solar system barycenter, yielding a measurement of the monopole CMB temperature at 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz, to be 2.75 +/- 0.05 K.	result 0.97	0.96	0.05	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.66.

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arXiv listing abstract v1

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full text
figures and tables
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relations to other papers

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C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

We present a determination of the cosmic microwave background dipole amplitude and direction from the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) first year of data. Data from the six DMR channels are consistent with a Doppler-shifted Planck function of dipole amplitude Delta T = 3.365 +/-0.027 mK toward direction (l,b) = (264.4 +/- 0.3 deg, 48.4 +/- 0.5 deg). The implied velocity of the Local Group with respect to the CMB rest frame is 627 +/- 22 km/s toward (l,b) = (276 +/- 3 deg, 30 +/- 3 deg). DMR has also mapped the dipole anisotropy resulting from the Earth's orbital motion about the Solar system barycenter, yielding a measurement of the monopole CMB temperature at 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz, to be 2.75 +/- 0.05 K.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Measurement of the dipole in the cross-correlation function of galaxies
astro-ph.CO 2015-12 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A dipole in the bright-faint galaxy cross-correlation is detected at high significance in BOSS, but it is a geometric combination of the monopole and quadrupole, not a relativistic signal.
Tests of Lorentz invariance: a 2013 update
gr-qc 2013-04 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Lorentz-violation constraints from particle physics and astrophysics are collected and tabulated, and applying them to Horava-Lifshitz gravity is argued to force that theory's Lorentz-breaking scale well below the Pla...
Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays
astro-ph.HE 2018-07 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

A review synthesizing UHECR data concludes that nearby starburst galaxies accelerating mixed heavy nuclei best explain the spectrum, the composition trend, and the intermediate-scale anisotropy.

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75 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 75 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 46 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

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9 later papers by other authors are listed below: 1 used its method or tool and 8 used its data or values.

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

Used a relation from this paper and another work to compute the total apparent velocity in the CMB rest frame.

The 2M++ galaxy redshift catalogue (2011) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

Uses its data or values 8 of 45 papers with this label

Neglected the 22 km/s uncertainty in v_LG from this paper because it is much smaller than the range in v_tot allowed by its model.

The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict $\Lambda$CDM on a Gpc scale $-$ Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution (2020) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
The position of the LG in this framework can be deduced by finding points which move with a velocity of $v_tot = v_LG = 627 ±22$ km s$^-1$ [ref] , where we use the notation that $v ≡| v |$ for any vector $v$.

A simultaneous solution to the Hubble tension and observed bulk flow within 250 ${h^{-1}}$ Mpc (2023) · Possible locations for the Local Group · 0.99
Assumed the halo moves at a constant bulk velocity relative to the CMB from this paper, V_GC-CMB = (552.2 km/s, l=266.5, b=29.1).

The Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of the Milky Way Halo (2009) · 0.96 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Noted that the Galactic barycenter velocity with respect to the CMB from this paper points toward (l,b) = (266.5, 29.1), close to the Solar CMB dipole direction.

CMB Isotropy Anomalies and the Local Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (2010) · 0.96 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Took the Milky Way-CMB relative velocity vector from this paper, of magnitude roughly 550 km/s toward (l,b) = (266.5, 29.1).

Cosmology with extragalactic proper motions: harmonic formalism, estimators, and forecasts (2018) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Used the dipole-inferred velocity with respect to the CMB from this paper, β=0.00123, to find that this corresponds to multipoles up to ℓ≲800.

A Generalized Doppler and Aberration Kernel for Frequency-Dependent Cosmological Observables (2017) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
The LG currently has a peculiar velocity of $630$ km/s with respect to the surface of last scattering [ref] , suggesting that $g_ext ≈0.015 a__0$.

The Escape Velocity Curve of the Milky Way in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (2017) · The external field strength · 0.98
In both cases, we follow the approach in that paper of assuming that today, $g_ext = 0.022 a__0$ directed towards Galactic coordinates $( 276^∘, -30^∘)$, the direction in which the LG presently moves relative to the CMB [ref] .

3D hydrodynamic simulations for the formation of the Local Group satellite planes (2022) · The external field effect (EFE) · 0.96

How the literature uses it

34 arXiv papers cite this in 46 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 17 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

(6): Total apparent velocity in CMB rest frame, using relation from [ref] and [ref] .

The 2M++ galaxy redshift catalogue · The 2M++ data · 0.99

Uses its data or values 20 papers

The velocity of the Solar System barycentre, inferred from the CMB dipole measurement, has been found to be $v=$ (369$±$0.9) km/s in the direction $(ℓ,b)$ = (263.99$±$0.14$$, 48.26$±$0.03$$) [ref] .

Bayesian estimation of our local motion from the Planck-2018 CMB temperature map · Introduction · 0.91
Attributing the observed dipole entirely to our motion with respect to the cosmic rest frame, one infers a velocity amplitude and direction of [ref] |v_0|= (369.82 ±0.11) km/s , (l,b) = (264.021^∘±0.011^∘, 48.253^∘±0.005^∘) ,

Fast and spurious: a robust determination of our peculiar velocity with future galaxy surveys · Introduction · 0.99
The corresponding speed is found to be (369$±$ 0.9 Km s$^-1$) in the direction, $l=263.99^o±0.14^o$, $b=48.26±0.03^o$ in galactic coordinates [ref] .

Dipole anisotropy in sky brightness and source count distribution in radio NVSS data · Introduction · 0.97

Compares with it 1 paper

We also compare the estimated values of Doppler boost parameters $β_1N$ in this analysis, with the canonical values known from the CMB dipole measurements $β= 1.23×10^-3$ [ref] .

Bayesian estimation of our local motion from the Planck-2018 CMB temperature map · Result · 0.85

Cites it as background 3 papers

Since it comprises one of the most fundamental hypothesis of the standard cosmological model, it is crucial to directly assess its validity against cosmological observations, as significant departures from statistical isotropy and homogeneity would require a complete reformulation of the standard cosmological paradigm[One of the most common approaches to test cosmological isotropy in the literature consists on probing consistency between the dipole signal seen in the CMB global temperature, which is ascribed to Doppler and aberration effects due to our relative motion [ref] .

Isotropy of low redshift type Ia Supernovae: A Bayesian analysis · Introduction · 0.80
This dipole has been discovered in the 1970s [ref] and is now measured with exquisite precision [ref] .

The low multipoles in the Pantheon+SH0ES data · Introduction · 0.92
Doppler-induced anisotropies in the spectrum of CMB fluctuations have been measured since decades [ref] ,

Doppler boosting the stochastic gravitational wave background · Introduction · 0.83

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