Pith. Sign in

RECORD

The formation and evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies

PaperPDF from arXiv

data files

Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit Hacker News
Martin G. Haehnelt (MPA), Guinevere Kauffmann (MPA)

Astrophysics · Submitted 30 Nov 1999

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim The model succesfully reproduces the evolution of cold gas as traced by damped damped Lyman alpha systems, the evolution of optically bright QSOs, the remnant black hole mass distribution and the host galaxy luminosities of QSOs.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗
Cite ▾
arXiv IDastro-ph/9911514 (version 1)
Pith IDGMOZT2IY, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationGuinevere Kauffmann (MPA), Martin G. Haehnelt (MPA). "The formation and evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies." arXiv:astro-ph/9911514 (1999). https://pith.science/paper/GMOZT2IY
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,798 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.02 · states limitation 0.11 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.90 · compares with prior results 0.19 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We discuss constraints on the assembly history of supermassive black holes from the observed remnant black holes in nearby galaxies and from the emission caused by accretion onto these black holes. We also summarize the results of a specific model for the evolution of galaxies and their central black holes which traces their hierachical build-up in CDM-like cosmogonies. The model assumes (i) that black holes, ellipticals and starburts form during major mergers of galaxies (ii) that the gas fraction in galaxies decreases with decreasing redshift (iii) that the optical bright phase of a QSO lasts for about 10^7 years. The model succesfully reproduces the evolution of cold gas as traced by damped damped Lyman alpha systems, the evolution of optically bright QSOs, the remnant black hole mass distribution and the host galaxy luminosities of QSOs.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We discuss constraints on the assembly history of supermassive black holes from the observed remnant black holes in nearby galaxies and from the emission caused by accretion onto these black holes. contribution 0.78 0.26 0.07 unclear 0.50
s1 We also summarize the results of a specific model for the evolution of galaxies and their central black holes which traces their hierachical build-up in CDM-like cosmogonies. contribution 0.58 0.72 0.06 asserted 0.80
s2 The model assumes (i) that black holes, ellipticals and starburts form during major mergers of galaxies (ii) that the gas fraction in galaxies decreases with decreasing redshift (iii) that the optical bright phase of a QSO lasts for about 10^7 years. method 0.99 0.31 0.06 asserted 0.96
s3 The model succesfully reproduces the evolution of cold gas as traced by damped damped Lyman alpha systems, the evolution of optically bright QSOs, the remnant black hole mass distribution and the host galaxy luminosities of QSOs. result 1.00 0.81 0.60 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: review 0.40 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.81.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v1
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We discuss constraints on the assembly history of supermassive black holes from the observed remnant black holes in nearby galaxies and from the emission caused by accretion onto these black holes. We also summarize the results of a specific model for the evolution of galaxies and their central black holes which traces their hierachical build-up in CDM-like cosmogonies. The model assumes (i) that black holes, ellipticals and starburts form during major mergers of galaxies (ii) that the gas fraction in galaxies decreases with decreasing redshift (iii) that the optical bright phase of a QSO lasts for about 10^7 years. The model succesfully reproduces the evolution of cold gas as traced by damped damped Lyman alpha systems, the evolution of optically bright QSOs, the remnant black hole mass distribution and the host galaxy luminosities of QSOs.

Human review

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

Discussion

Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.