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Vortex molecules in coherently coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
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A vortex molecule is predicted in rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates whose internal hyperfine states are coupled coherently by an external field. A vortex in one component and that in the other are connected by a domain wall of the relative phase, constituting a "vortex molecule", which features a nonaxisymmetric (pseudo)spin texture with a pair of merons. The binding mechanism of the vortex molecule is discussed based on a generalized nonlinear sigma model and a variational ansatz. The anisotropy of vortex molecules is caused by the difference in the scattering lengths, yielding a distorted vortex-molecule lattice in fast rotating condensates.
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Formation of bound composite vortices of a singly-quantized $^1$S$_0$ vortex and half-quantized $^3$P$_2$ vortices in the $^1$S$_0$-$^3$P$_2$ coexisting phase in neutron stars
Gross-Pitaevskii simulations show Josephson coupling creates a bound composite of one ^1S0 SQV and two ^3P2 HQVs that can depin from pinning sites.
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