Pith. sign in

REVIEW 6 cited by

General Laws of Black-Hole Dynamics

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv gr-qc/9303006 v3 pith:RAUD5PEA submitted 1993-03-02 gr-qc

classification gr-qc
keywords trappingouterhorizongravitydefinitionhorizonsfuturegeneral
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

0 comments
read the original abstract

A general definition of a black hole is given, and general `laws of black-hole dynamics' derived. The definition involves something similar to an apparent horizon, a trapping horizon, defined as a hypersurface foliated by marginal surfaces of one of four non-degenerate types, described as future or past, and outer or inner. If the boundary of an inextendible trapped region is suitably regular, then it is a (possibly degenerate) trapping horizon. The future outer trapping horizon provides the definition of a black hole. Outer marginal surfaces have spherical or planar topology. Trapping horizons are null only in the instantaneously stationary case, and otherwise outer trapping horizons are spatial and inner trapping horizons are Lorentzian. Future outer trapping horizons have non-decreasing area form, constant only in the null case---the `second law'. A definition of the trapping gravity of an outer trapping horizon is given, generalizing surface gravity. The total trapping gravity of a compact outer marginal surface has an upper bound, attained if and only if the trapping gravity is constant---the `zeroth law'. The variation of the area form along an outer trapping horizon is determined by the trapping gravity and an energy flux---the `first law'.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Semiclassical regularity of compact trapped regions: From dynamical horizons to inner extremality

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In finite-lifetime dynamical geometries the in-vacuum RSET stays finite at the inner horizon, growing exponentially for non-extremal cases but only as a power law for inner-extremal ones.

  2. Penrose-Rindler equation and horizon thermodynamics of stationary black holes

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For static and Kerr-like rotating black holes the horizon condition is equivalent to the Penrose–Rindler equation, which, read as a pressure equilibrium, yields a quasi-local Smarr formula with a newly defined 'Smarr volume.'

  3. Thermodynamics of Black Holes, far from Equilibrium

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The paper derives finite, physical-process versions of the first and second laws of black hole thermodynamics for dynamical horizon segments, extending the first law to black holes arbitrarily far from equilibrium.

  4. Radiating black holes in general relativity need not be singular

    gr-qc 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A spherically symmetric charged black hole evaporating via Hawking radiation can remain regular, with neither a singularity nor a Cauchy horizon, due to electromagnetic repulsion and energy-condition violation.

  5. Interior marginally outer trapped surfaces in Hayward black holes

    gr-qc 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Interior MOTS in Hayward black holes are located via the b-parameter metric, with self-intersecting pairs identified and positions near the inner horizon given by hypergeometric functions from a singular Sturm-Liouvil...

  6. Hawking atmosphere of anti-de Sitter black holes

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Applies Parikh-Wilczek tunneling with backreaction to evaporating AdS black holes, finding luminosity deviates from blackbody scaling for small masses due to rapid mass loss, and computes renormalized energy-momentum ...

Pith tools