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The many faces of superradiance

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arxiv gr-qc/9803033 v1 pith:S2HMLWAI submitted 1998-03-10 gr-qc astro-phphysics.atom-phphysics.optics

classification gr-qcastro-phphysics.atom-phphysics.optics
keywords superradianceconditiondovichradiationrotatingamplificationblackcylinder
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Inertial motion superradiance, the emission of radiation by an initially unexcited system moving inertially but superluminally through a medium, has long been known. Rotational superradiance, the amplification of radiation by a rotating rigid object, was recognized much later, principally in connection with black hole radiances. Here we review the principles of inertial motion superradiance and prove thermodynamically that the Ginzburg--Frank condition for superradiance coincides with the condition for superradiant amplification of already existing radiation. Examples we cite include a new type of black hole superradiance. We correct Zel'dovich's thermodynamic derivation of the Zel'dovich--Misner condition for rotational superradiance by including the radiant entropy in the bookkeeping . We work out in full detail the electrodynamics of a Zel'dovich rotating cylinder, including a general electrodynamic proof of the Zel'dovich--Misner condition, and explicit calculations of the superradiant gain for both types of polarization. Contrary to Zel'dovich's pessimistic conclusion we conclude that, if the cylinder is surrounded by a dielectric jacket and the whole assembly is placed inside a rotating cavity, the superradiance is measurable in the laboratory.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Superradiant amplification by rotating viscous compact objects

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Using causal BDNK hydrodynamics, the authors derive coupled gravitational-wave and viscous-mode equations for slowly rotating stars and find superradiant amplification at low frequencies.

  2. Kerr black holes with vector dark matter hair

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Massive vector dark matter forms a r^{-3/2} density spike around a Kerr black hole and, for co-rotating low-frequency modes, extracts mass and angular momentum through superradiant scattering.

  3. Exact Regions of Superradiant Instability of Kerr-Newman Black Holes and Massive Scalar Fields

    gr-qc 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Superradiant instability of Kerr-Newman black holes is confined to μ > qQ/M and below an analytically determined boundary that disagrees with older numerics.

  4. Gravitational Atoms from Topological Stars

    gr-qc 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Bound states of a massive scalar field around topological stars form strictly normal modes, producing a hydrogen-like spectrum when the Compton wavelength exceeds the star size and localized states otherwise.

  5. Superradiance -- the 2020 Edition

    gr-qc 2015-01 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Black-hole superradiance extracts energy via the ergoregion and can trigger instabilities with applications to dark matter, beyond-Standard-Model physics, and laboratory analogs.

  6. Thermodynamic Consistency of Logarithmic Entropy Corrections on the Schwarzschild Branch of $f(\mathbb{Q})$ Gravity and a Superradiance No-Go Result

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 3.5 of 10

    On the STEGR/Schwarzschild branch of f(Q) gravity, a fixed-geometry logarithmic entropy correction modifies only the first-law temperature, not Hawking temperature or scalar scattering, and its heat-capacity pole lies...

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