Analysis of relativistic hydrodynamics in conservation form

Formulations of Eulerian general relativistic ideal hydrodynamics in conservation form are analyzed in some detail, with particular emphasis to geometric source terms. Simple linear transformations of the equations are introduced and the associated equivalence class is exploited for the optimization of such sources. A significant reduction of their complexity is readily possible in generic spacetimes. The local characteristic structure of the standard member of the equivalence class is analyzed for a general equation of state (EOS). This extends previous results restricted to the polytropic case. The properties of all other members of the class, in particular specialized forms employing Killing symmetries, are derivable from the standard form. Special classes of EOS are identified for both spacelike and null foliations, which lead to explicit inversion of the state vector and computational savings. The entire approach is equally applicable to spacelike or lightlike foliations and presents a complete proposal for numerical relativistic hydrodynamics on stationary or dynamic geometries.