Pith. Sign in

RECORD

The Observation of Up-going Charged Particles Produced by High Energy Muons in Underground Detectors

PaperPDF from arXiv

data files

Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit Hacker News
The MACRO Collaboration, M. Ambrosio et al

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Submitted 31 Jul 1998

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Up-going particles produced by an undetected down-going muon are a potential background source in these measurements.

how it is stated · hedged possibility 0.85 read the record →

Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗
Cite ▾
arXiv IDhep-ex/9807032 (version 1)
Pith IDFGZ5V3DE, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationM. Ambrosio et al, The MACRO Collaboration. "The Observation of Up-going Charged Particles Produced by High Energy Muons in Underground Detectors." arXiv:hep-ex/9807032 (1998). https://pith.science/paper/FGZ5V3DE
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,975 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.27 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.04 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.98 · compares with prior results 0.11 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

An experimental study of the production of up-going charged particles in inelastic interactions of down-going underground muons is reported, using data obtained from the MACRO detector at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. In a sample of 12.2 10^6 single muons, corresponding to a detector livetime of 1.55 y, 243 events are observed having an up-going particle associated with a down-going muon. These events are analysed to determine the range and emission angle distributions of the up-going particle, corrected for detection and reconstruction efficiency. Measurements of the muon neutrino flux by underground detectors are often based on the observation of through-going and stopping muons produced in $\nu_\mu$ interactions in the rock below the detector. Up-going particles produced by an undetected down-going muon are a potential background source in these measurements. The implications of this background for neutrino studies using MACRO are discussed.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 An experimental study of the production of up-going charged particles in inelastic interactions of down-going underground muons is reported, using data obtained from the MACRO detector at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. contribution 0.98 0.96 0.06 asserted 0.98
s1 In a sample of 12.2 10^6 single muons, corresponding to a detector livetime of 1.55 y, 243 events are observed having an up-going particle associated with a down-going muon. result 0.99 0.97 0.11 asserted 1.00
s2 These events are analysed to determine the range and emission angle distributions of the up-going particle, corrected for detection and reconstruction efficiency. method 0.95 0.95 0.05 asserted 0.87
s3 Measurements of the muon neutrino flux by underground detectors are often based on the observation of through-going and stopping muons produced in $\nu_\mu$ interactions in the rock below the detector. background 1.00 0.06 0.03 asserted 1.00
s4 Up-going particles produced by an undetected down-going muon are a potential background source in these measurements. background 0.69 0.12 0.12 hedged possibility 0.85
s5 The implications of this background for neutrino studies using MACRO are discussed. interpretation 0.98 0.59 0.11 unclear 0.71

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 0.87.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v1
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

An experimental study of the production of up-going charged particles in inelastic interactions of down-going underground muons is reported, using data obtained from the MACRO detector at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. In a sample of 12.2 10^6 single muons, corresponding to a detector livetime of 1.55 y, 243 events are observed having an up-going particle associated with a down-going muon. These events are analysed to determine the range and emission angle distributions of the up-going particle, corrected for detection and reconstruction efficiency. Measurements of the muon neutrino flux by underground detectors are often based on the observation of through-going and stopping muons produced in $\nu_\mu$ interactions in the rock below the detector. Up-going particles produced by an undetected down-going muon are a potential background source in these measurements. The implications of this background for neutrino studies using MACRO are discussed.

Human review

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

References
How the literature uses it

2 arXiv papers cite this in 2 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Discussion

Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.