Euler numbers of four-dimensional rotating black holes with the Euclidean signature
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For a black hole's spacetime manifold in the Euclidean signature, its metric is positive definite and therefore a Riemannian manifold. It can be regarded as a gravitational instanton and a topological characteristic which is the Euler number is associated. In this paper we derive a formula for the Euler numbers of four-dimensional rotating black holes by the integral of the Euler density on the spacetime manifolds of black holes. Using this formula, we obtain that the Euler numbers of Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes are 2. We also obtain that the Euler number of the Kerr-Sen metric in the heterotic string theory with one boost angle nonzero is 2 that is in accordence with its topology.
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Kerroll black holes
Rotating black holes are constructed in Carroll gravity via connection freedom and an odd-power GR expansion, yielding an intrinsically Carrollian rotating solution and the Kerroll black hole analog.
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