Symmetric obstruction theories and Hilbert schemes of points on threefolds

We introduce the notion of symmetric obstruction theory and study symmetric obstruction theories which are compatible with C*-actions. We prove that the contribution of an isolated fixed point under a C*-action to equivariant Donaldson-Thomas type invariants is +/- 1. As an application, we compute weighted Euler characteristics of all Hilbert schemes of points on any 3-fold. Moreover, we calculate the zero-dimensional Donaldson-Thomas invariants of any projective Calabi-Yau 3-fold. This proves a conjecture of Maulik-Nekrasov-Okounkov-Pandharipande.