Low-energy relativistic effects and nonlocality in time-dependent tunneling
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🪐 quant-ph
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timetime-dependenttunnelingdensitydistanceeffectslow-energyprobability
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We consider exact time-dependent analytic solutions to the Schr\"odinger equation for tunneling in one dimension with cut off wave initial conditions at $t=0$. We obtain that as soon as $t \neq 0$ the transmitted probability density at any arbitrary distance rises instantaneously with time in a linear manner. Using a simple model we find that the above nonlocal effect of the time-dependent solution is suppressed by consideration of low-energy relativistic effects. Hence at a distance $x_0$ from the potential the probability density rises after a time $t_0=x_0/c$ restoring Einstein causality. This implies that the tunneling time of a particle can never be zero.
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