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Fault-tolerant quantum computation

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arxiv quant-ph/9605011 v2 pith:EKSOFWW7 submitted 1996-05-13 quant-ph

classification quant-ph
keywords quantumcomputationcomputationsdecoherenceamountscircuitcodesgate
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Recently, it was realized that use of the properties of quantum mechanics might speed up certain computations dramatically. Interest in quantum computation has since been growing. One of the main difficulties of realizing quantum computation is that decoherence tends to destroy the information in a superposition of states in a quantum computer, thus making long computations impossible. A futher difficulty is that inaccuracies in quantum state transformations throughout the computation accumulate, rendering the output of long computations unreliable. It was previously known that a quantum circuit with t gates could tolerate O(1/t) amounts of inaccuracy and decoherence per gate. We show, for any quantum computation with t gates, how to build a polynomial size quantum circuit that can tolerate O(1/(log t)^c) amounts of inaccuracy and decoherence per gate, for some constant c. We do this by showing how to compute using quantum error correcting codes. These codes were previously known to provide resistance to errors while storing and transmitting quantum data.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. A distillation-teleportation protocol for fault-tolerant QRAM

    quant-ph 2025-05 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

    An adaptive distillation-teleportation protocol implements a fault-tolerant QRAM query with poly(n) quantum resources and 1/poly(n) device fidelity, at the cost of an exponential classical dataset update each round.

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  4. Arbitrary-Distance Quantum Error Correction with Gauss's Law for $\mathbb Z_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory

    hep-lat 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Gauss's law constraints in Z2 lattice gauge theory can be made into quantum error-correcting codes of arbitrary distance, with provably optimal encoding rate within the constructed family.

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    Entanglement islands and Page curves can arise in massless gravity without an external bath, and compactly supported gauge-invariant operators exist in islands around generic symmetry-breaking black hole backgrounds.

  7. Kagome edge states under lattice termination, spin-orbit coupling, and magnetic order

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  8. A Resource Comparison of Logical T-State Preparation

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    Compares resource costs of logical T-state preparation via distillation, cultivation, and code switching using native metrics from existing literature plus a Shor factoring case study.

  9. Design Automation in Quantum Error Correction

    quant-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

    A comprehensive review of automated tools and methods for designing quantum error-corrected circuits, with case studies on T-gate optimization, surface-code layout, ML decoders, and verification.

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