Pith Number

pith:2SW55PDC

pith:2020:2SW55PDCFXKBAY3Z73WVJKYOGY

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Ivy: Instrumental Variable Synthesis for Causal Inference

Aldo C\'ordova-Palomera, Christopher R\'e, Frederic Sala, James Priest, Jared Dunnmon, Nimit Sohoni, Sen Wu, Zhaobin Kuang

arxiv:2004.05316 v1 · 2020-04-11 · cs.LG · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{2SW55PDCFXKBAY3Z73WVJKYOGY}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T00:54:35.950902Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d4addebc622dd4106379feed54ab0e361cc16b8e785a5e3bc35de04e5dcdcb4d

Aliases

arxiv: 2004.05316 · arxiv_version: 2004.05316v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2004.05316 · pith_short_12: 2SW55PDCFXKB · pith_short_16: 2SW55PDCFXKBAY3Z · pith_short_8: 2SW55PDC

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/2SW55PDCFXKBAY3Z73WVJKYOGY \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d4addebc622dd4106379feed54ab0e361cc16b8e785a5e3bc35de04e5dcdcb4d

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "478d49993017b354ef81d9f218dd646af7eafd1c50153f414a5b0cd678f3544b",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2020-04-11T06:11:04Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "aadce4ee0dd0c81f02f682b29a05aeee985fdcdfe56d4c3ec1aac7a5e32dacaf"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2004.05316",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}