Pith Number

pith:3HTAOEKB

pith:2026:3HTAOEKBRMUVARTZPNBRQVBDO2

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Spectral Appearance of Self-gravitating Disks Powered by Stellar Objects: Universal Effective Temperature in the Optical Continuum and Application to Little Red Dots

Bingjie Wang, Eliot Quataert, Hanpu Liu, Jenny E. Greene, Jeremy Goodman, Ruancun Li, Yan-Fei Jiang, Yilun Ma, Yi-Xian Chen

Self-gravitating accretion disks around compact objects reach a fixed outer effective temperature of 4000-4500 K independent of accretion rate, mass, or viscosity.

arxiv:2602.06954 v3 · 2026-02-06 · astro-ph.HE · astro-ph.GA · astro-ph.SR

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{3HTAOEKBRMUVARTZPNBRQVBDO2}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

all optically thick disk solutions possess a universal outer effective temperature of T_eff ∼ 4000-4500 K ... this ``disk Hayashi limit'' fixes the dominant optical continuum temperature of the disk spectrum independent of accretion rate Ṁ, central mass M_•, and disk viscosity α

C2weakest assumption

Assuming the extended disk is primarily heated by stellar sources ... Using dust-poor opacities

C3one line summary

Self-gravitating disks heated by stars reach a universal optical effective temperature of 4000-4500 K independent of accretion rate, black hole mass, and viscosity, explaining Little Red Dots.

References

94 extracted · 94 resolved · 5 Pith anchors

[1] Akins, H. B., Casey, C. M., Lambrides, E., et al. 2025, ApJ, 991, 37, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ade984 2025 · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ade984

[2] Ali-Dib, M., & Lin, D. N. C. 2023, MNRAS, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad2774 16Chen et al 2023 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2774

[3] 2018, The Astrophysical Journal, 866, 84, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aadc11 2018 · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadc11

[4] Origins of the UV continuum and Balmer emission lines in Little Red Dots: observational validation of dense gas envelope models enshrouding the AGN 2026 · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.10573

[5] Baggen, J. F. W., van Dokkum, P., Labb´ e, I., & Brammer, G. 2025, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2512.03239, doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2512.03239 2025 · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.03239

Cited by

2 papers in Pith

(LRDs)$^2$: The Low-ReDshift Little Red Dots Survey. II. DESI DR1 Sample

Smoluchowski Coagulation Equation and the Evolution of Primordial Black Hole Clusters

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T03:09:23.719471Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

d9e60711418b295046797b4318542376b99885e7ae284ac34e4fd9ef490e6469

Aliases

arxiv: 2602.06954 · arxiv_version: 2602.06954v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2602.06954 · pith_short_12: 3HTAOEKBRMUV · pith_short_16: 3HTAOEKBRMUVARTZ · pith_short_8: 3HTAOEKB

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/3HTAOEKBRMUVARTZPNBRQVBDO2 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: d9e60711418b295046797b4318542376b99885e7ae284ac34e4fd9ef490e6469

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "4eaf09f3ce4bcc14544ca1d527f1cf9167890d99c3d0708bafbdee448cfa3ee0",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.GA",
      "astro-ph.SR"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.HE",
    "submitted_at": "2026-02-06T18:51:45Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "b22b7fd12929bc979637993763704f434ca4e2802c9ecaff3a83980d673673fc"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2602.06954",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}