Pith Number

pith:3VOSNDOW

pith:2026:3VOSNDOWG4Y7XXBIDQ3NAGQX2L

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Frequency Nadir-Constrained Power System Restoration Planning with Energy Storage

Amir Reza Nikzad, Ilyas Farhat, John W. Simpson-Porco, Xiangyu Zou

A frequency-constrained MILP framework plans black-start restoration while using energy storage to keep frequency deviations safe and shorten recovery time.

arxiv:2605.14099 v1 · 2026-05-13 · eess.SY · cs.SY

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\pithnumber{3VOSNDOWG4Y7XXBIDQ3NAGQX2L}

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Record completeness

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2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

The computed restoration plan maintains frequency security, as validated through MATLAB and PSS/E simulations, while reducing restoration time through ESS coordination.

C2weakest assumption

The frequency nadir prediction method developed for systems with ESS integration accurately forecasts frequency deviations from restorative actions.

C3one line summary

A frequency nadir-constrained MILP framework for black-start restoration that incorporates energy storage to maintain frequency security and shorten recovery time.

References

39 extracted · 39 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] Electricity system resilience in a world of increased climate change and cybersecurity risk, 2020

[2] Shedding light on the economic costs of long-duration power outages: A review of resilience assessment methods and strategies, 2023

[3] Technical analysis of the august 14, 2003, blackout, 2003

[4] System restoration from blackstart resources, 2018

[5] U. G. Knight,Power Systems in Emergencies: From Contingency Plan- ning to Crisis Management. Wiley, 2013 2013

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:39:12.118866Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

dd5d268dd63731fbdc281c36d01a17d2ee447a39235edf4ac8c5dc9567319862

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.14099 · arxiv_version: 2605.14099v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.14099 · pith_short_12: 3VOSNDOWG4Y7 · pith_short_16: 3VOSNDOWG4Y7XXBI · pith_short_8: 3VOSNDOW

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/3VOSNDOWG4Y7XXBIDQ3NAGQX2L \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: dd5d268dd63731fbdc281c36d01a17d2ee447a39235edf4ac8c5dc9567319862

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "af9f2919e7a86fba8c9009eeab676257bd5bb6610602f10fb8cff58c2bf28733",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.SY"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "eess.SY",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-13T20:34:58Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "f2ee308367846dafaf25d1482796dca1f8a26ca63a0723397de84782a864ab02"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.14099",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}