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pith:2025:5X6L4SNRZFPN2ATP5AXQB7QGMW
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Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task

Ashly Vivian Beresnitzky, Eugene Hauptmann, Iris Braunstein, Jessica Situ, Nataliya Kosmyna, Pattie Maes, Xian-Hao Liao, Ye Tong Yuan

Relying on LLMs for essay writing reduces brain connectivity and builds cognitive debt compared to writing unaided or with search tools.

arxiv:2506.08872 v2 · 2025-06-10 · cs.AI

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Claims

C1strongest claim

Brain-only participants exhibited the strongest, most distributed networks; Search Engine users showed moderate engagement; and LLM users displayed the weakest connectivity. Over four months, LLM users consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.

C2weakest assumption

That observed EEG connectivity differences reflect accumulation of cognitive debt rather than short-term task demands or group differences, and that the small session-4 subsample (18 of 54) supports claims of long-term effects.

C3one line summary

LLM use for essay writing correlates with reduced brain network connectivity, lower self-reported ownership, and poorer recall of one's own content compared to unaided or search-based writing.

References

144 extracted · 144 resolved · 1 Pith anchors

[1] Peláez-Sánchez, I. C., Velarde-Camaqui, D., & Glasserman-Morales, L. D. (2024). The impact of large language models on higher education: Exploring the connection between AI and Education 4.0. Frontier 2024 · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1392091
[3] one-person unicorn 2025 · doi:10.3390/soc15010006
[5] Shanmugasundaram, M., & Tamilarasu, A. (2023). The impact of digital technology, social media, and artificial intelligence on cognitive functions: A review. Frontiers in Cognition, 2, 1203077. https:/ 2023 · doi:10.3389/fcogn.2023.1203077
[6] ECNU Review of Education6(3), 355–366 (Aug 2023) 2023 · doi:10.1177/20965311231168423
[7] Milana, M., Brandi, U., Hodge, S., & Hoggan-Kloubert, T. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI), conversational agents, and generative AI: implications for adult education practice and research. Interna 2024 · doi:10.1080/02601370.2024.2310448

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31 papers in Pith

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First computed 2026-05-17T23:38:49.065475Z
Builder pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature Pith Ed25519 (pith-v1-2026-05) · public key
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Canonical hash

edfcbe49b1c95edd026fe82f00fe0665976b8c5928443fab04c2ff4a1851b56a

Aliases

arxiv: 2506.08872 · arxiv_version: 2506.08872v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2506.08872 · pith_short_12: 5X6L4SNRZFPN · pith_short_16: 5X6L4SNRZFPN2ATP · pith_short_8: 5X6L4SNR
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curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/5X6L4SNRZFPN2ATP5AXQB7QGMW \
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Canonical record JSON
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