Pith Number

pith:EAIVDTL3

pith:2026:EAIVDTL3TZ67XIRIRI42BOGPWP

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

When Specifications Meet Reality: Uncovering API Inconsistencies in Ethereum Infrastructure

Chiachih Wu, Haoyu Wang, Jie Ma, Jinwen Xi, Jiushenzi Luo, Liangxin Liu, Mingzhe Xing, Ningyu He, Xiaopeng Fu, Ying Gao, Yinliang Yue

Specification-guided testing with language model filtering uncovers 72 API bugs across Ethereum clients.

arxiv:2603.06029 v1 · 2026-03-06 · cs.SE · cs.CR

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Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{EAIVDTL3TZ67XIRIRI42BOGPWP}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

APIDiffer uncovered 72 bugs, with 90.28% already confirmed or fixed by developers. It achieves up to 89.67% higher code coverage than existing tools and reduces false positive rates by 37.38%.

C2weakest assumption

That the LLM-based false positive filtering reliably distinguishes genuine bugs from acceptable implementation variations without introducing new errors or missing real issues.

C3one line summary

APIDiffer automatically detects 72 API inconsistencies across 11 Ethereum clients using specification-guided test generation and LLM-based false-positive filtering, with 90% of bugs confirmed by developers.

References

142 extracted · 142 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] 2025.Client Diversity | Ethereum 2025

[2] Andrea Arcuri. 2018. EvoMaster: Evolutionary Multi-context Automated System Test Generation. In2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST). 394–397. 2018 · doi:10.1109/icst.2018.00046

[3] Andrea Arcuri, Man Zhang, Susruthan Seran, Juan Pablo Galeotti, Amid Golmohammadi, Onur Duman, Agustina Aldasoro, and Hernan Ghianni. 2024. Tool report: EvoMaster—black and white box search-based fuzz 2024 · doi:10.1007/s10515-024-00478-1

[4] Vaggelis Atlidakis, Patrice Godefroid, and Marina Polishchuk. 2019. Restler: Stateful rest api fuzzing. In2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). IEEE, 748–758 2019

[5] Attestant. 2025.Vouch. Retrieved 2025-01-28 from https://github.com/attestantio 2025

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:39:15.849565Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

201151cd7b9e7dfba2288a39a0b8cfb3dca443976de657d865df070d7eec7b0c

Aliases

arxiv: 2603.06029 · arxiv_version: 2603.06029v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2603.06029 · pith_short_12: EAIVDTL3TZ67 · pith_short_16: EAIVDTL3TZ67XIRI · pith_short_8: EAIVDTL3

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/EAIVDTL3TZ67XIRIRI42BOGPWP \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 201151cd7b9e7dfba2288a39a0b8cfb3dca443976de657d865df070d7eec7b0c

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "ed486c753ced601e2c4ade1cb646acb311fbe59280cb32b99143254ae5bfa88c",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CR"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.SE",
    "submitted_at": "2026-03-06T08:28:44Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "bcebab23d140e26e36d3437d62e51bb02c5a5ed85d00734ccbe1cfbc316a13ad"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2603.06029",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}