Pith Number

pith:ILD22ZO2

pith:2026:ILD22ZO2QRUEWLMAMF4C76JTUB

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Sophie Germain, math\'ematicienne extraordinaire: A story stranger than fiction

David Pengelley

Sophie Germain developed a grand plan to prove Fermat's Last Theorem in full using new number theory tools.

arxiv:2605.15046 v1 · 2026-05-14 · math.HO · math.NT

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{ILD22ZO2QRUEWLMAMF4C76JTUB}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

she had a grand plan for proving Fermat's Last Theorem in its entirety, and carried this plan a long way, using then new tools, e.g., congruence, modular primitive roots, and permutations.

C2weakest assumption

The handwritten manuscripts and correspondence accurately reflect Germain's own original ideas and plans without later misattribution or alteration.

C3one line summary

Sophie Germain had a grand plan and advanced far on proving Fermat's Last Theorem with congruences, primitive roots, and permutations, as shown in her recently examined manuscripts.

References

10 extracted · 10 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] L. L. Bucciarelli and N. Dworsky, Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, 1980 1980

[2] Del Centina, Unpublished manuscripts of Sophie Germain and a revaluation of her work on Fermat's Last Theorem, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 62 (2008), 349--392 2008

[3] R. Laubenbacher, D. Pengelley, Voici ce que j'ai trouv\' e : \ \ Sophie Germain's grand plan to prove Fermat's Last Theorem, Historia Mathematica 37 (2010), 641--692; available at https://arxiv.org/ab 2010

[4] R. Laubenbacher, D. Pengelley, Mathematical Expeditions: Chronicles by the Explorers, Springer, New York, 1999 1999

[5] Musielak, Sophie's Diary: A Mathematical Novel, Mathematical Association of America, Washington, 2014 2014

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:38:54.435658Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

42c7ad65da84684b2d8061782ff933a04f447645ef9a2bcbd24ba77a78c41bdc

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.15046 · arxiv_version: 2605.15046v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.15046 · pith_short_12: ILD22ZO2QRUE · pith_short_16: ILD22ZO2QRUEWLMA · pith_short_8: ILD22ZO2

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/ILD22ZO2QRUEWLMAMF4C76JTUB \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 42c7ad65da84684b2d8061782ff933a04f447645ef9a2bcbd24ba77a78c41bdc

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "f51709229d408b19ee1abb56b25e7893910070e7d9d3902c7ca9b1953dd0b915",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "math.NT"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "math.HO",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-14T16:39:14Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "fa6f29f5a8278543ed0bdfc7dfd1e465c3f66300123cee26d0c03e31992da5fd"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.15046",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}