Pith Number

pith:J2SL6CNO

pith:2026:J2SL6CNOA6VWDRK2NU4T7BCXAF

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Stellar encounters in the solar neighbourhood and the special case of GJ~710

Eloi Fernandez-Puig, Ignasi Ribas, Juan Carlos Morales, J\'ulia Laguna-Miralles, Pol Guijosa

Close stellar encounters within 1 parsec of the Sun occur roughly once every 95 thousand years on average, making the predicted GJ 710 flyby a rare event at once per 50 million years.

arxiv:2605.16496 v1 · 2026-05-15 · astro-ph.SR · astro-ph.EP · astro-ph.GA

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Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{J2SL6CNOA6VWDRK2NU4T7BCXAF}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We report a rate of encounters within 1 pc and within 0.47 Myr of 10.6 ± 4.5 per Myr and star, implying an average of one encounter every 95+71-28 kyr. Additionally, from the resulting distribution, we can evaluate the relative frequency of the upcoming GJ~710 fly-by, which is found to be quite rare, at a rate of one per ∼50 Myr.

C2weakest assumption

The sample of nearby stars is complete after accounting for binaries and common proper motion pairs, and the applied corrections to radial velocities for gravitational redshift and convective blueshift do not introduce significant new biases in the derived encounter parameters.

C3one line summary

Reports a close stellar encounter rate of 10.6 ± 4.5 per Myr per star within 1 pc for stars in the solar neighborhood, with the GJ 710 approach being rarer than average at one per ~50 Myr.

References

44 extracted · 44 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] Amelin, Y ., Krot, A. N., Hutcheon, I. D., & Ulyanov, A. A. 2002, Science, 297, 1678 2002

[2] 2023, A&A, 674, A32 2023

[3] Bagnulo, S. & Landstreet, J. D. 2020, A&A, 643, A134 2020

[4] Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. 2015, A&A, 575, A35 2015

[5] Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. 2018, A&A, 609, A8 2018

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:02:25.652649Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

4ea4bf09ae07ab61c55a6d393f84570179e5f7ba606b8b30090620452a5cf137

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.16496 · arxiv_version: 2605.16496v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.16496 · pith_short_12: J2SL6CNOA6VW · pith_short_16: J2SL6CNOA6VWDRK2 · pith_short_8: J2SL6CNO

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/J2SL6CNOA6VWDRK2NU4T7BCXAF \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 4ea4bf09ae07ab61c55a6d393f84570179e5f7ba606b8b30090620452a5cf137

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "37d58e58064dada300977d4e2ae5db8d084a1f66d1ffee13f2050a595e2cac2c",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.EP",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.SR",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-15T18:00:06Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "67abc00144a030e427c75a44ea645fd3e9f78df4f099f1fa4279b0bb1b90d1b4"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.16496",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}