Pith Number

pith:JDPSO3GJ

pith:2026:JDPSO3GJIWSMIYSALCU7OJBIKK

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Introducing the Lumina project: large-volume radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the epochs of hydrogen and helium reionization

Aaron Smith, Lars Hernquist, Mark Vogelsberger, Oliver Zier, Rahul Kannan, Rongrong Liu, R\"udiger Pakmor, Sonja M. Koehler, Teodora-Elena Bulichi, Volker Springel, Xuejian Shen

Lumina simulation shows hydrogen reionization mostly finished by galaxies at z~5.2 with helium reionization by AGN nearly complete at z=3.

arxiv:2605.15310 v1 · 2026-05-14 · astro-ph.CO · astro-ph.GA

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{JDPSO3GJIWSMIYSALCU7OJBIKK}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

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Claims

C1strongest claim

Lumina predicts a late, predominantly stellar-driven hydrogen reionization, with the median sub-volume fully ionized by z≈5.2 and residual neutral HI patches persisting until z≈4.75. HeII reionization is driven self-consistently by AGN and is nearly complete by z=3.

C2weakest assumption

The IllustrisTNG galaxy-formation model, when coupled to the six-bin M1 radiation transport solver, accurately captures the escape of ionizing photons from galaxies and AGN without requiring additional tuning beyond the original TNG calibration.

C3one line summary

Lumina runs a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation combining IllustrisTNG galaxy formation with six-bin M1 radiation transport to predict late stellar-driven HI reionization ending around z=4.75 and AGN-driven HeII reionization nearly complete by z=3.

References

300 extracted · 300 resolved · 125 Pith anchors

[1] The diverse star formation histories of early massive, quenched galaxies in modern galaxy formation simulations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2626 , archivePrefix =. 2409.16916 , primaryClass = · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2626

[2] 2025, title The Formation Histories of Massive and Quiescent Galaxies in the 3 < z < 4.5 Universe , , 981, 78, 10.3847/1538-4357/ada6ac · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada6ac

[3] doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1095 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1095

[4] arXiv e-prints , keywords = · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22393

[5] J., Brammer , G., et al · doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02424-3

Formal links

1 machine-checked theorem link

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:00:51.996139Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

48df276cc945a4c4624058a9f7242852a034af0eea0130ce4c36b4bd211ad9ee

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.15310 · arxiv_version: 2605.15310v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.15310 · pith_short_12: JDPSO3GJIWSM · pith_short_16: JDPSO3GJIWSMIYSA · pith_short_8: JDPSO3GJ

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/JDPSO3GJIWSMIYSALCU7OJBIKK \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 48df276cc945a4c4624058a9f7242852a034af0eea0130ce4c36b4bd211ad9ee

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "c32dec43e6f18de8399b22bc9e83fea53c3b5d74fe5e69ac5a3f1f49d4e15928",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.CO",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-14T18:23:08Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "672c8bb6995d492258a793f519caee8fcf68e6980d79dfc2f4dfa505bca88e69"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.15310",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}