Pith Number

pith:JFBI2GOX

pith:2026:JFBI2GOXTZX2E3VGZ6OTHTMARC

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

The Evolution of Star-Forming Gas in STARFORGE: From Clouds, to Cores, to Stars

Ananya Kaalva, Michael Y. Grudic, Nina Filippova, Stella S. R. Offner

Once a protostar forms, the remaining gas lifetime scales directly with the star's final mass, from under 1 Myr for low-mass stars to over 3 Myr for high-mass ones.

arxiv:2604.06471 v2 · 2026-04-07 · astro-ph.GA

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{JFBI2GOXTZX2E3VGZ6OTHTMARC}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

once a protostar forms, the lifetime of the unaccreted gas correlates with the final stellar mass, where low-mass stars (M_* < 0.5 M_⊙) accrete for 0.5-0.6 Myr from a relatively local reservoir of gas, and high-mass stars (M_* > 2 M_⊙) accrete over 3.3-4.7 Myr from a much larger volume. Although the protostellar accretion time increases weakly with magnetic field strength, the accreting gas radii, velocity dispersions, virial parameters, and magnetic energy ratios are largely insensitive to the global cloud properties.

C2weakest assumption

That the Lagrangian cell tracking in the STARFORGE suite accurately captures the true physical evolution of gas without significant numerical artifacts, and that the three chosen GMCs with varied magnetic fields are representative enough to conclude that accreting gas properties are insensitive to global cloud conditions.

C3one line summary

In STARFORGE simulations, unaccreted gas lifetime correlates with stellar mass: low-mass stars accrete locally for 0.5-0.6 Myr while high-mass stars accrete from extended regions for 3.3-4.7 Myr, with core-like turbulent properties.

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-05T01:14:38.042539Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

49428d19d79e6fa26ea6cf9d33cd8088be0097c201954acc85b35b732be0fde7

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.06471 · arxiv_version: 2604.06471v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.06471 · pith_short_12: JFBI2GOXTZX2 · pith_short_16: JFBI2GOXTZX2E3VG · pith_short_8: JFBI2GOX

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/JFBI2GOXTZX2E3VGZ6OTHTMARC \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 49428d19d79e6fa26ea6cf9d33cd8088be0097c201954acc85b35b732be0fde7

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "20e163a296e3870c757355d73e3d2d639587ca57dda5f33784ed89b4c1e22a2e",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.GA",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-07T21:16:13Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "2c4b3a4825ae7348e0b36cacb0d88d16a605f4c55ca4cb5e2585fbf1ea19efda"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.06471",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}