Pith Number

pith:K5OFQJOG

pith:2023:K5OFQJOGJ3THYIVK7WECBJ3N3Y

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Uncovering mesa-optimization algorithms in Transformers

Alexander Meulemans, Blaise Ag\"uera y Arcas, Eyvind Niklasson, Jo\~ao Sacramento, Johannes von Oswald, Mark Sandler, Maximilian Schlegel, Max Vladymyrov, Nicolas Zucchet, Nino Scherrer, Nolan Miller, Razvan Pascanu, Seijin Kobayashi

arxiv:2309.05858 v2 · 2023-09-11 · cs.LG · cs.AI

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{K5OFQJOGJ3THYIVK7WECBJ3N3Y}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

10 papers in Pith

Phase Transitions in Attention: A Bayesian Theory of Copy Head Emergence

Understanding Large Language Models

Dynamic Short Convolutions Improve Transformers

Blurry Window Attention

A Systematic Study of Behavioral Cloning for Scientific Data Annotation

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T09:20:37.569830Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

575c5825c64ee67c22aafd8820a76dde2aba01c0fedb7b791438833e42f12463

Aliases

arxiv: 2309.05858 · arxiv_version: 2309.05858v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2309.05858 · pith_short_12: K5OFQJOGJ3TH · pith_short_16: K5OFQJOGJ3THYIVK · pith_short_8: K5OFQJOG

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/K5OFQJOGJ3THYIVK7WECBJ3N3Y \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 575c5825c64ee67c22aafd8820a76dde2aba01c0fedb7b791438833e42f12463

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "40298e9cdd4c2a851dc2088496432dc6447beb057570e942107c454c17c98b34",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2023-09-11T22:42:50Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "84dd6d07bd43ef66e1a575e3a438b9df70306161d8e498c6826d881100a0263f"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2309.05858",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}