Pith Number

pith:L5QXTXZW

pith:2019:L5QXTXZW5OAVTSR3S47GSKXL5I

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Sets of Half-Average Nulls Generate Risk-Limiting Audits: SHANGRLA

Philip B. Stark

arxiv:1911.10035 v4 · 2019-11-22 · stat.AP · cs.CR

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{L5QXTXZW5OAVTSR3S47GSKXL5I}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T00:50:26.450448Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

5f6179df36eb8159ca3b973e692aebea34ff39cda119531df5b74cd4054c734a

Aliases

arxiv: 1911.10035 · arxiv_version: 1911.10035v4 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1911.10035 · pith_short_12: L5QXTXZW5OAV · pith_short_16: L5QXTXZW5OAVTSR3 · pith_short_8: L5QXTXZW

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/L5QXTXZW5OAVTSR3S47GSKXL5I \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 5f6179df36eb8159ca3b973e692aebea34ff39cda119531df5b74cd4054c734a

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "95f7aad464596efbc5daba02de540f42b5707d536dbf145d1ce43184117db939",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CR"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.AP",
    "submitted_at": "2019-11-22T13:32:46Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "bf68b34262e2e9da3432595d28e37b0c38116dff29c9d61615cceea628dad0e2"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1911.10035",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 4
  }
}