Pith Number

pith:LUQ4C6U3

pith:2017:LUQ4C6U3S3ASSRKZRTPNRIBWUQ

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Word, Subword or Character? An Empirical Study of Granularity in Chinese-English NMT

Chengqing Zong, Jiajun Zhang, Long Zhou, Yining Wang

arxiv:1711.04457 v1 · 2017-11-13 · cs.CL

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{LUQ4C6U3S3ASSRKZRTPNRIBWUQ}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T00:30:38.926339Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

5d21c17a9b96c12945598cded8a036a433e7647c068844b3ab7e2306c90b250e

Aliases

arxiv: 1711.04457 · arxiv_version: 1711.04457v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1711.04457 · pith_short_12: LUQ4C6U3S3AS · pith_short_16: LUQ4C6U3S3ASSRKZ · pith_short_8: LUQ4C6U3

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/LUQ4C6U3S3ASSRKZRTPNRIBWUQ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 5d21c17a9b96c12945598cded8a036a433e7647c068844b3ab7e2306c90b250e

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "f72c0babad350defa5dca1e87c8817ffb10891622a2da5c4aba53e97fee97f15",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2017-11-13T07:42:56Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "d6a01e8be29fe6fdf03238ee23ef4d8e354eb5e3f56f41fdc4a02a7590dcba7d"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1711.04457",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}