Pith Number

pith:NW5LR773

pith:2020:NW5LR773PK36GIQURNL3F42Z47

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Constraints on Primordial Black Holes

Bernard Carr, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Kazunori Kohri, Yuuiti Sendouda

Updated limits restrict primordial black holes to a small fraction of the universe's mass across 10^{-5} to 10^{50} g.

arxiv:2002.12778 v2 · 2020-02-27 · astro-ph.CO · gr-qc · hep-ph · hep-th

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{NW5LR773PK36GIQURNL3F42Z47}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range 10^{-5}--10^{50} g.

C2weakest assumption

Many of the constraints are associated with observational or theoretical uncertainties.

C3one line summary

Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.

References

300 extracted · 300 resolved · 171 Pith anchors

[1] This applies generically if the PBHs form from density ﬂuctuations with a δ-function power spectrum

[2] stupendously large black holes

[3] Y. B. Zel’dovich and I. D. Novikov, Sov. Astron. 10, 602 (1967) 1967

[4] S. W. Hawking, Nature 248, 30 (1974) 1974

[5] Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters 2016 · arXiv:1502.01589

Cited by

46 papers in Pith

Strongly Interacting Dark Matter admixed Neutron Stars

Reviving primordial black hole formation in slow first-order phase transitions

Blue-tilted Runnings and the JWST Early Galaxy Tension

Primordial black holes in excursion set theory: Formation probabilities, mass functions, and window functions

Isotropy, anisotropies and non-Gaussianity in the scalar-induced gravitational-wave background: diagrammatic approach for primordial non-Gaussianity up to arbitrary order

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:38:53.759511Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

6dbab8fffb7ab7e322148b57b2f359e7da0f5ea39fd364de8b3a28ee70739ae7

Aliases

arxiv: 2002.12778 · arxiv_version: 2002.12778v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2002.12778 · pith_short_12: NW5LR773PK36 · pith_short_16: NW5LR773PK36GIQU · pith_short_8: NW5LR773

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/NW5LR773PK36GIQURNL3F42Z47 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 6dbab8fffb7ab7e322148b57b2f359e7da0f5ea39fd364de8b3a28ee70739ae7

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "b56a4f1b35d43c026843521fcbc7e7b5c4e72e6807807b84c6ad7f48a882a874",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "gr-qc",
      "hep-ph",
      "hep-th"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.CO",
    "submitted_at": "2020-02-27T05:17:54Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "baa92c64d9b135705314bacc833a78ba784a441e017bd1827bb39449ef50101e"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2002.12778",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}