Pith Number

pith:P5R43HPP

pith:2024:P5R43HPPJFHSIQN4XPHHTTZWZJ

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Does RAG Introduce Unfairness in LLMs? Evaluating Fairness in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems

Hsin-Tai Wu, Shuowei Li, Xuyang Wu, Yi Fang, Zhiqiang Tao

arxiv:2409.19804 v2 · 2024-09-29 · cs.CL

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{P5R43HPPJFHSIQN4XPHHTTZWZJ}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

LLM Harms: A Taxonomy and Discussion

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T10:40:13.101204Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

7f63cd9def494f2441bcbbce79cf36ca65863a96057389a24ccdda63ac567759

Aliases

arxiv: 2409.19804 · arxiv_version: 2409.19804v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2409.19804 · pith_short_12: P5R43HPPJFHS · pith_short_16: P5R43HPPJFHSIQN4 · pith_short_8: P5R43HPP

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/P5R43HPPJFHSIQN4XPHHTTZWZJ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 7f63cd9def494f2441bcbbce79cf36ca65863a96057389a24ccdda63ac567759

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "3e3a8337e7107c2bb1429e5df899806013fa8df28b1498c634dd9aec450486f3",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2024-09-29T22:04:26Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "4cd8735d8ee7347254b7b867a823fb5d95f07e4b8739c071403915f5244d512a"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2409.19804",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}